The State Fair Horse Show :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

The verbalize Fair cater Show As a small child, my parents and I made an annual pilgrimage to the State Fair. For my parents, the primary objective of the trip was to attend the World Championship Horse Show in Freedom Hall. My major enjoyment as a five-year-old child was the midway and the fair rides however, this changed as I grew older.My perception of the State Fair was one filled with amazement and adventure. The loud music of the rides and the familiar, huge crowds overwhelmed me with excitement. Unfortunately, I was forcibly taken, by my parents, to watch the World Championship Horse Show in Freedom Hall. At such a young age, I was non interested in seeing the next world champion horse stupefy the show of his or her life. In my mind, the horse show was a flub of good ferris-wheel time. My parents usually set aside an afternoon in which they, with long-suffering faces, would indulge me in my fair frenzy. For these few hours, we waded into the jostling crowds, surrounded b y the screams of thrill-seekers, the commotion of bells and whistles, and the powerful smells of fair cuisine. To me, these were the best sights and sounds on earth.If anyone had told me that I would one day regard this sensory experience with the same disdain as my parents, I would not have believed it. However, as I grew older, my priorities at the State Fair changed. The very things that sent me into a transport of delight began to irritate and annoy me. As I grew older, I developed a desire to show horses at the top level of competition. Showing at the State Fair World Championship Horse Show became my ultimate goal.With the change in my focus came a change in my attitude toward the State Fair. The once-exciting fair crowds became an obstacle for me to overcome as I made my way to Freedom Hall with my horse. The hustle and bustle of these crowds as they passed through the barn area frightened the horses. Many of these people would also make ignorant and obnoxious comments about some of Americas most elegant horses. The greasy fair food that I had loved as a child directly brought on waves of nausea and a harsh case of heartburn.

Virtual Communities are an Illusion :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Virtual Communities are an IllusionDiscussions of the social effects of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and virtual residential area often focus on whether they pull tidy sum apart or bring them together. John Perry Barlow describes his point of view on this matter in a very enlightening article, Is There a There in Cyberspace?. Barlow first describes his skepticism closely virtual communities and finishes the article with a life repair tragedy. Amy Bruckman, who is responsible for the article, Finding Ones Own in Cyberspace explains the importance of discovering a virtual community that best suits your needs. I feel that virtual communities and CMCs bring people together but also pull them apart more then together. In Barlows article, he describes how cyberspace has created its own community, or virtual community if you will, by bringing people together with common interests and experiences. Like the community in contemporary America, virtual communities had a place where p eoples tendernesss remained even if they physically locomote around the country. The virtual community also provides a feeling of comfort from this large support group-like place where tragedies one may encounter, are experienced end-to-end and are solved by all. When Barlow experienced the sudden death of his wife, he had this to say about his virtual community, Those strangers, who had no arms to put around my shoulders, no eyes to weep with mine, nevertheless saw me through. As neighbors do. This is the idea of a coming together, from a virtual community standpoint. One thing that Barlow points out about virtual communities is that they lack prana (the Hindu term for breath and spirit). He says, Prana is, to my mind, the literally vital element in the holy and unseen ecology of relationship...It is at the heart of the fundamental and profound difference between information and experience. This is what brings human relationships together. The body language, sex, tone of voice, smells, facial expressions, etc. are the things that make life, life These missing ingredients chill out lack in virtual communities to this day. According to Bruckmans article, she explains how to find a virtual community that best suits ones needs. Some of the things she suggests for a virtual community can be easily correlated to finding a neighborhood where one would like to reside. The main determining factor she points out is self selection. As individuals, we know what we trust/dont want, like/dislike, so the decision is up to us to decide where we want to go.

Helen Tamiris Biography Essay -- essays research papers

On April 24, 1903, one of the founders of American modern dance was born to parents who emigrated from Russia. Helen Tamiris, originally Helen Becker, grew up in New York, New York on the Lower tocopherol Side. In her lifetime, she danced, choreographed, and helped initiate modern dance. Later in her life, she moved to the Great White Way, otherwise known as Broadway, to choreograph many shows.In 1911, or at the age of eight, Ms. Tamiris began studying dance at the Henry Street Settlement with Irene Lewisohn. After that she studied with the childrens chorus at the Metropolitan opera Company, where she learned Italian ballet techniques. Although she studied strict ballet techniques, she began to study modern dance at the Neighborhood Playhouse. She also studied natural jump but curtly grew restless of it thus, she quickly left the studios to develop her own sort of dance.Tamiris spent a few years making minor golf-club appearances and dancing in stage shows at movie theaters. Bu t in 1922, she left America to tour in South Africa with the Bracale Opera Company, where she was exposed to world-wide dance forms. When she returned to America, she abandoned her former Italian ballet training and studied Russian ballet technique. She appeared dancing in a few shows but soon realized she just was not getting what she wanted. Tamiris took the next year off to develop her own style of concert dancing.&nb...

Sunspots Essay -- Essays Papers

SunspotsOur Sun continuously converts hydrogen into helium and with this process it provides the essentials for vitality processes. In doing this it controls our climate, provides light, raises tides, and drives the food chain (Schaefer 34). Our Sun also has influenced many beliefs now and in the past. History has documented Sun pietyping religions while many current societies practice solar calendars (Schaefer 34). Because the Sun is so influential, imperfections of the Sun, such as sunspots will continue to impact life on Earth. The discovery of sunspots is correlated with the invention of the telescope in 1608, although there are earlier recordings of sunspot corresponding practise from China (Schaefer 35). Galileo was one of the astronomers who decided to publish his findings and use sunspots in one of his theories of Chief cosmos Systems (Schaefer 35-6). Today many patterns including real estate sales to fluctuations in the climate have been attributed to the cycle of sunspots. These fluctuations may be an explanation of the decline of Sun worship in India due the increased sunspot activity during the time of the Medieval Maximum. Throughtout history these fluctuations have been omens (e.g. a slave revolutionists incited a riot when he interpret the site of a large black area on the Sun as the black taking over the white) (Schaefer 38). There are also unexampled examples of solar fluctuations affecting the Earth like the delayed launch of the Hubble Telescope (Schaefer 38) and the disruptions in electrical and radio technology during solar flares due to increased activity of sunspots at the last solar maximum in 1989.Sunspots are the most apparent features on the Suns surface or photosphere. Anyone could use a filter such as a welders helmet to observe groups of sunspots. A sunspot consists of two regions, the umbra and the penumbra. The temperature of the umbra can be as low as 4,000 K and the penumbra that surrounds the umbra has a temp erature of about 5,500 K which contrasts to the photospheric temperature of 6,000 K. The difference in temperatures makes the sunspots appear dark against the brightness of thephotosphere (Nicolson 123). A sunspots average size is comparable with the Earth. They plant in regions of concentrated magnetic fields. These fields hamper the flow of energyn to the affected area. The magnetic fields on... .... This project will hopefully enable scientists to learn more(prenominal) about sunspots andother properties of the Sun.Understanding more about sunspots, their cycle, radiation, and magnetic properties will facilitate scientists to unlock the mysterious workings of the Sun. With todays technology this apprehensiveness will come more quickly. Knowledge of sunspots may lead us to be able to predict when solar activity could affect the Earth like it did during the solar max in 1989. Information like this could eventually allow us to be able to protect ourselves from solar ra diation.Works CitedAnalyzing Variation in the Suns Radiation. USA Today. 26 2637 (1998) 11-12.Nehru, K.V.K. Glimpses Into the Structure of the Sun severalize 1 The Nature of Stellar Matter. March 22, 2001. .Nehru, K.V.K. Glimpses Into the Structure of the SunPart 2 The Solar Interior and the Sunspot. March 22, 2001. Nicolson, Iain. Unfolding Our Universe. New York Cambridge University Press, 1999. 123-4 276+Philips, Tony Dr. The Sun Does a Flip. SpaceScience. Feb. 15, 2001. March 19, 2001. .Schaefer, Bradley E. Sunspots that changed the World. Sky & Telescope. 93.4 (1997). 34-38.

Ghost Story of the Jamesport Manor Inn, Long Island, New York :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Jamesport Manor Inn, Long Island, New YorkThe storyteller is a 65 year older Hispanic woman from Riverhead, New York. I collected the story over the phone on April 2, 2006. She started off by telling me that the story took place in 1988 on Long Island. Her landlord had told her close a wonderful restaurant that she just had to go to, so on a Friday night the storyteller and her husband indomitable to try it out. When stepping up to the Jamesport Manor Inn she had a creepy feeling just from looking at the old mansion. She claimed that it had an eerie sort of feel to it and obviously did not look like a typical restaurant. Although she had just recently moved to Jamesport, she lived most of her life on Long Island and was surprised she had never comprehend of the restaurant. She began asking her waiter some questions about how new the restaurant was and about the owner and such. She was told that the mansion was built in the 1800s and was obviously somewhat restored. It wa s recently purchased by a local townsperson and had somewhat recently opened up. The waiter began teasing that the mansion was supposedly haunted because it was so old and there were generations of families who lived and died in the house. He was new to the restaurant but the chefs and other rung at the restaurant claimed they could hear people walking around and opening and closing doors. He told her that the staff generally liked to leave at the same time of night to avoid being alone in the mansion, being that it was haunted. The waiter made a point of claiming that everyone else says its true as well. He had never heard the ghosts, but he was sure they existed in the mansion.My first attempt at decision information was by typing in Jamesport Manor Inn + ghosts at the search engine Google. I found an article from The Suffolk Times, a local paper about the rebirth of the Jamesport Manor. It included a picture of the mansion with its owners, and there was a brief paragraph on the suspicion of ghosts roaming the area. As for tales about ghosts and later on use as a house of ill repute, Mr. Whines laughed and said, Im a trained historian, so I cant tell you about that.

Ghost Story of the Jamesport Manor Inn, Long Island, New York :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Jamesport manor Inn, Long Island, New YorkThe storyteller is a 65 year old Hispanic woman from Riverhead, New York. I roll up the story over the phone on April 2, 2006. She started off by telling me that the story took place in 1988 on Long Island. Her landlord had told her about a fantastic restaurant that she just had to go to, so on a Friday night the storyteller and her husband decided to try it out. When stepping up to the Jamesport Manor Inn she had a creepy feeling just from looking at the old mansion. She claimed that it had an eerie sort of feel to it and obviously did not look like a regular(prenominal) restaurant. Although she had just recently moved to Jamesport, she lived most of her life on Long Island and was surprised she had never heard of the restaurant. She began asking her waiter some questions about how radical the restaurant was and about the owner and such. She was told that the mansion was built in the 1800s and was obviously somewhat restored. It was recently purchased by a local townsperson and had somewhat recently subject up. The waiter began teasing that the mansion was supposedly haunted because it was so old and there were generations of families who lived and died in the house. He was new to the restaurant but the chefs and other staff at the restaurant claimed they could hear people walking around and opening and closing doors. He told her that the staff generally liked to leave at the said(prenominal) time of night to avoid being alone in the mansion, being that it was haunted. The waiter made a point of claiming that everyone else says its true as well. He had never heard the ghosts, but he was sure they existed in the mansion.My first attempt at finding information was by typing in Jamesport Manor Inn + ghosts at the search engine Google. I found an article from The Suffolk Times, a local newspaper about the rebirth of the Jamesport Manor. It included a construe of the mansion with its owners, and there was a brief paragraph on the suspicion of ghosts roaming the area. As for tales about ghosts and later use as a house of visitation repute, Mr. Whines laughed and said, Im a trained historian, so I cant tell you about that.

Absenteeism and Attendance of Employees – Paper

Absenteeism and Attendance of Employees Employee absenteeism is one of the most common lastplace riddles facing employers in todays lamplace. Legitimate illnesses still account for the bulk of employee absence seizures, only whatever studies arrest shown that less than one-third of absences from the workplace argon related to suffering health. Most employers slayer their workers vacation,sick get out, paid clipping off, or other kinds of paid and unpaidleave. A key to curbing insult is to have an absenteeism policy that clearly sets forth which absences are allowed, and what behavior will typeface the employee todiscipline.Absenteeism problems quite a little range from employees non blazon outing in or non showing up for their shifts, taking sick leave when well, and exhausting their available leave all month, to requesting extra time off and establishing drills of abuse. For these non-protected absences employers discount, and should, discipline their employees. A companys policy should be clearly written and disseminated to all employees. In addition, the employer should use up sure totrain all supervisors and managersto ensure that the policy is macrocosm fairly applied.Its a redeeming(prenominal) idea to spot check attendance issues in every department to arrange sure that company rules are being fairly imposed. Absenteeism is the term generally used to refer tounscheduledemployee absences from theworkplace. Many causes of absenteeism are legitimatepersonal illness or family issues, for examplebut absenteeism overly can often be traced to other factors such as a poor work purlieu or workers who are not committed to their occupations. If such absences become excessive, they can have a seriously adverse impact on a businesss operations and, ultimately, its profitability Read to a greater goalhttp//www. nswers. com/topic/absenteeismixzz2OV25Xt00 Absenteeismis the term used to describe the fact of an individuals missing his or her r egular daily natural action The habitual non-presence of an employee at his or her rail line. Possible causes of absenteeism include job disgratification, ongoing personal issues and chronic medical problems. Regardless of cause, a worker with a pattern of being absent may put his reputation and his employed status at risk. However, some forms of absence from work are legally protected and cannot be grounds for termination. Absenteeismis a habitualpatternof absence from adutyorobligation.Traditionally, absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer it was seen as a management problem, and framed in economic or quasi-economic terms. More recent comprehension seeks to understand absenteeism as an indicator of mental, medical, or social adjustment to work. In this study absenteeism is defined as temporary, extended or permanent incapacity for work as a result of sickness or infirm ity The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of learner bsenteeism in the country, the concludes why learners absent themselves from schools and psychoanalyze the systems that exist to monitor and reduce learner absenteeism. Firstly, in that respect are reasons for absenteeism associated with personal factors, such as illness, age, gender and learning difficulties. Secondly, absenteeism may be caused by socio-economic factors relating to feed insecurity, problems with transport to school, the impact of HIV/ help on children and families How to Deal with Employee Absenteeism Employee absenteeism is one of the major areas of concern for organizations today.It reduces productivity and puts burden on the available staff. Let us take a look at some methods through which you can watch it in check in your organization. One of the biggest challenges that organizations face today is ignorant absenteeism. Frequent absenteeism from employees not lone(prenominal) hampers the productivity of an organization, but it in like manner affects the morale of hard-working employees. It is therefore essential that organizations get their act together and take necessary move to reduce it. Absenteeism can either be for genuine reasons or culpable.It is the responsibility of a manager to identify employees who are frequently absent, and look for steps to foretell it. Some researchers are of the view that punitive action is the only stylus by which unplanned absenteeism can be reduced, but this belief has few takers. You can persuade an employee to come to office but the chances that he would work wholeheartedly are slim. You dont want to create an melodic line where your employees come up with new ideas to call in for a day off. This will also make it more difficult for employees who genuinely need a leave to tend to their personal or family issues.Besides, you cant have different set of rules for different people as this will lead to accusations of discri mination. Analysts have pointed out that an authoritarian style of management is one of the primary reasons behind frequent absenteeism and tardiness. Managers who set up targets that are simply unachievable or blame everyone expect themselves for any failure, put their employees under a traffic circle of stress. This is one of the major reasons why employees dont feel like coming to office. Organizations which fail to have an efficient leave policy in place also profess high absenteeism.In the absence of a point of contact, employees get more leverage which can lead to higher absenteeism levels. How to Reduce Employee Absenteeism? Reducing employee absenteeism requires sustained effort, and the first and maiden step in this taperion is to provide coaching to the team leaders/managers of your organization. Managers should be provided with adequate training to improve their interpersonal skills. They should also be reminded that the actor that has been conferred upon them has t o be used to make the organization a better place to work, not to boss around and put people off.This will not only help you in addressing the issue, but also in tackling issues like employee turnover, and low morale among your staff. Having a clear leave policy is essential if you dont want your employees to abuse their privileges. It is important that you explain all the policies to your employees when you recruit them so that there is no scope for miscommunication. This helps especially in case of large organizations where it is virtually impossible to keep an eye on every employee. Having an effective communication system helps in maintaining transparency and keeps rumor mongers at bay.It dispels negativity and makes employees feel that they are being recognised as a part of the organization. Trusting your employees by giving them more responsibility instills a sense of confidence in them and creates a good atmosphere in the workplace. Rewarding employees who have shown good pe rformance by missing lesser work days can go a long way in helping you deal with employee absenteeism. It will not only help in recognizing hardworking employees, but also motivate employees to come to work instead than staying at home.Unplanned absenteeism costs a few million dollars to American companies every year, so it is important that you address this issue with utmost seriousness. If yours is a small or a mid-scale business, then the effects are much more grave. You cant completely wipe out this issue, but what you should essentially aim to do is to reduce the frequency of culpable absenteeism. Absenteeism employees not showing up for work when scheduled can be a major problem for organisations. As pressures increase on the budgets and fighting of companies, more attention is being given to reduce workplace absenteeism and its cost.Most research has concluded that absence is a complex variable and that it is influenced by multiple causes, some(prenominal) personal and o rganisational. stage business satisfaction has been noted as one of the factors influencing an employees motivation to attend. INTRODUCTION To many in the world of work, absenteeism is one of those stubborn problems for which .. there is no clear culprit and no easy cure (Rhodes & Steers, 1990, p. 1). Furthermore, as a general phenomenon it does not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, race and religion. Bydawell (2000, p. 5) postulates that employers have the right to expect good attendance from their employees as employment is a contract between two consenting parties. The author further states that absentee issues will undoubtedly arise within the employment relationship, and should be resolved in a manner which is fair and equitable to both the employer and the employee. Absenteeism can be very pricy to organisations and enormous savings can be realised through effective management of non-attendance at work. Besides the cost implications, absenteeism is infl uenced by dozens of interrelated factors hich make it even more difficult to quantify, qualify, or rectify (Tylczak , 1990, p. 9). One of these factors which have been cited by different researchers is an employees level of job satisfaction in the workplace. In conjunction with this, George and Jones (2002, p. 93) maintain that many researchers have studied the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction in an attempt to discover ways to reduce absenteeism. ahead of time job satisfaction research has emphasised the underlying assumption that job dissatisfaction represents the primary cause of absenteeism (Steers, Porter & Bigley, 1996). McShanes (1984) review as quoted by Steers et al. (1996) back up the notion that employees who are dissatisfied with various aspects of their jobs are more probably to be absent. Studies by McShane (1984) found job satisfaction to be more passing related to frequency of absences than to number of days lost (Steers et al. , 1996, p. 409 ) Rhodes and Steers (1990) propose that employee attendance is based on an employees motivation to attend as well as their ability to attend. accord to George and Jones (2002), job satisfaction is one of the factors affecting an employees motivation to attend.It becomes important to measure the strength of the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction as .. positive attitudes can at times serve to pull the individual towards the organisation and the reverse can be expected when attitudes are more negative (George & Jones, 2002, p. 94). An employees ability to attend is influenced on the other hand by factors such as family responsibilities, transportation problems, accidents and the like. Once all these variables are identified, managers may beget to understand why employees sometimes choose not to come to work when they are fully capable of attending.By the same token, it is equally important for managers to understand those dowry in which people, for whatever reaso n (illness or otherwise), are genuinely unable to come to work (Rhodes & Steers, 1990, p. 13). Absenteeism seems to be a behaviour that organisations can never eliminate, but they can rather control and manage it. George and Jones (2002, p. 94) note that organisations should not have absence policies that are so restrictive that they literally force workers to come to work even if they are ill. Organisations may want to recognise that a certain level of absence is indeed functional. PROBLEM STATEMENT Tremendous pressure is being placed on companies to reduce costs either through downsizing, outsourcing or restructuring. For many employees, these changes can cause feelings of insecurity regarding the nature of their jobs as well as their future. Not having people at work increases the workload of fellow employees, reduces productivity and increases the cost of contract labour. Absenteeism In terms of the discussion, the three terms absence, absenteeism and sickness absence will be us ed as synonymous in meaning, implying that workers who were scheduled for ork and expected to attend, did not do so. Cascio (2003, p. 45) defines absenteeism as any failure of an employee to report for or to remain at work as scheduled, regardless of the reason. Milkovich and Boudreau (1994) define absenteeism from an organisations perspective as the frequency and/or duration of work time lost when employees do not come to work. Absenteeism therefore implies an unplanned, disruptive incident but more specifically, it can be seen as non-attendance when an employee is scheduled for work (Van der Merwe & Miller, abridgment OF CHAPTERIn summary, this chapter highlighted the fact that absenteeism is pervasive throughout most organisations and can place huge fiscal burdens on organisations. A central concern in organisations is probably that some employees believe that it is their right to 13take sick leave whether they are sick or not. These short, unscheduled absences impact on work schedules, increase workloads of other employees and can also have a detrimental effect on productivity. Furthermore, this chapter emphasised that absenteeism is influenced by a number of interrelated factors ranging from family responsibilities to satisfaction on the job.Literature suggests that absenteeism is a major problem in many organisations, hence, the importance of focusing on this behaviour within the organisation. Various studies have attempted to bear witness the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction as absence is commonly viewed as one of the means of withdrawal from stressful work situations. According to Luthans (1995), research has generally revealed a consistent opposite relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism, i. e. when satisfaction is high, absenteeism tends to be low and when satisfaction is low, bsenteeism tends to be high. ABSENTEEISM 2. 2. 1 INTRODUCTION Unscheduled absences affect almost every type of organisation. Hoque and Islam (2003, p. 81) describe absenteeism as a subject to be studied, matter to be thought over and a problem to be solved. Besides the direct costs associated with absenteeism, there are also indirect costs such as hiring of casual staff, reduced productivity, turnover and potential loss in gross (Cole, 2002 Mason & Griffin, 2003). Robinson (2002) further notes that the indirect costs of absenteeism can be up to three times higher than the direct osts of absenteeism. It therefore becomes vital that organisations recognise the extent of this problem due to the high costs associated with continued unscheduled absences. The main problem is perhaps that many employees believe sick leave is a reach like annual leave and they are entitled to take it, irrespective of the condition of their health. This has implications for organisations because it is difficult for an organisation to operate smoothly if employees fail to report for work. According to Robbins et al. (2003), having sick le ave programmes in organisations, i. e. providing paid sick eave, actually enforces the wrong behaviour, which is absence from work. The authors argue that organisations should rather reward employees for attendance, not for being absent. Moreover, the importance of good attendance and its benefits should be clearly communicated to all employees (Bydawell, 2000). Rhodes and Steers (1990) maintain that people tend to have different perspectives or attach different meanings when viewing the topic of employee absenteeism. To the 20manager, absence is often seen as a problem to be solved, but to the employee it can take on a very different meaning.For the employee, absenteeism can be emblematic of deeper feelings of hostility or perceptions of inequitable treatment in the job situation or a way to sabotage the organisation for the poor work environment or other attributes of the job. TYPES OF ABSENTEEISM Van der Merwe and Miller (1988) classify absenteeism into three broad categories th at help to understand the nature of this phenomenon. They are (1) sickness absence, (2) authorised absence/absence with permission and (3) unexcused absence/ absence without leave. Sickness absence Sickness absence is a category where employees claim ill health as their reason for bsence. Requirements regarding medical/doctors certificates vary and are determined by company policy or the Basic Conditions of craft Act (BCEA). The Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 (1997) stipulates that a certificate needs to be produced after two days of sickness absence. Most managers have found that certification is not a guarantee of genuine absence as it has become easy for people to gain access to medical certificates. Van der Merwe and Miller (1988, p. 10) maintain that having a critical attitude to short sick absence, and indicating to employees that heir absence behaviour is regularly monitored, is likely to result in a better norm of attendance. 2. 2. 3. 2 Authorised absence Absence wi th permission is where employees prov an excuse for their absence whether that be for holidays, study leave, special leave and the like. Normally such a request is include in the absence policy (Van der Merwe & Miller, 1988, p. 11). 2. 2. 3. 3 Unexcused absence All absences not falling into the two previous categories and where no reason is given, or not accepted, are regarded as unexcused (Van Der Merwe & Miller, 1988, p. 11). This ype of absence, when it reaches problematic proportions, will have to be pointed out to employees in question in order to bring their attendance in line with acceptable norms Employees who come to work later in the day or who leave earlier are normally not recorded on the leave records of employers and the supervisor is normally aware of such absences (Wolmarans, 1994). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Sickness absence has attracted attention in response to competitive pressures and tightening labour markets and by managing absence, organisations can achi eve a better competitive edge (Johnson et al. 2003). For many organisations however, absenteeism management remains a daunting task, as it can place huge financial burdens on organisations. Aware of the indirect costs associated with absenteeism, management must determine what factors are responsible for absenteeism and how these factors can be addressed to curb this challenging problem. The main goal of the present study was to determine the impact of job satisfaction on absenteeism as research generally states that dissatisfied employees are more likely to miss work than satisfied employees (Aamodt, 2004 Saal & Knight, 1988). The study owever only found a weak, albeit inverse correlation between satisfaction and absenteeism. The grapheme of other variables, for example personality, work-group norms, organisational commitment and family related responsibilities have not been included although their impact on absenteeism have been noted (Mowday et al. , 1982 Rhodes & Steers, 1990). In order to improve on this, it is suggested that further research be undertaken to ascertain the potential effect of these variables on absenteeism. 145Since the current research utilised a non probability sampling method, certain groups may have been under-presented.Although the try of 121 is considered appropriate, a larger, stratified random sample would have enabled greater precision and control with respect to the sample. Furthermore, the sample employed was relatively small, reducing the studys generalizability to the larger organisation. Moreover, the small number of female respondents prevented meaningful comparisons being made. The study was conducted in one organisation in the Western Cape, which further limits its applicability to a wider population. A cross-sectional design was used for the study as it provided the researcher with a napshot of the research elements at a given point in time. Even though this design is considered appropriate, a longitudinal study woul d allow for forming a better judgment of the true nature of absenteeism and job satisfaction as it uses the same sample over a period of time. The study is further limited in that it used self report measures of absence, which is highly subjective. Johns (1996) as quoted by Siu (2002) argues that employees do not have accurate perceptions of their own absenteeism, some employees underestimate their own absenteeism and overestimate the absenteeism of co-workers (Siu, 2002, p. 218).Further research should adopt more objective measures of absence. The second goal of the study focus on the relationship between personal characteristics and absence. Significant correlations were found and it is important for management to 146understand these dynamics in order to control absenteeism in the workplace. The importance of understanding specifically the impact of age on the work force will continue to grow, owing to changes in legislation (age discrimination, non-mandatory retirement) and al so the impact of HIV and AIDS (Kacmar & Ferris, 1989). Organisations need to have stringent policies in place to control absenteeism, and a ulture of attendance needs to be cultivated amongst employees. Future research needs to also examine the absence severity rate (ASR) which indicates the number of days sick leave per incident over a period of time, which is how long employees are off when they do take sick leave (Mowday et al. ,1982). Excessive absenteeism can escalate to the point that it directly affects productivity, quality and morale. A final goal of the study was to examine the impact of personal characteristics on job satisfaction. While the study focused on personal predictors of job satisfaction, there re other variables (job and organisational) that may be better predictors of job satisfaction (Spector, 1997 2000). It is suggested that further research needs to be conducted to identify these factors that contribute to employees job satisfaction. 147REFERENCE LIST Aamod t, M. G. (1996). Applied Industrial/Organisational Psychology (2nd ed. ). ground forces Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Aamodt, M. G. (2004). Applied Industrial/Organisational Psychology (4th ed). USA Thomson/Wadsworth. Alavi, H. R. , & Askaripur, M. R. (2003). The relationship between self-esteem and job satisfaction of personnel in government activity organisations.Public Personnel Management 32 (4) 591-599. Anderson, A. E. (2004). Whats absent in absence management. Employee Benefits ledger 29 (1) 25-30. Anderson, N. , Ones, D. S. , Sinangil, H. K, & Viswesvaran, C. (2001). Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organisational Psychology- Volume 2 London sharp-witted Publications. Anthony, W. P. , Perrewe, P. L. , & Kacmar, K. M. (1999). gentleman Resource Management- A strategic approach (3rd ed. ). Publishers Harcourt Brace College. 148Armstrong, M. (1996). Personnel management practice (6th ed. ). London Kogan Page. Atchison, T. (1999). They myths of employee satisfaction.H ealthcare Executive 14 (2) 18-23. Bajpai, N. , & Srivastava, D. (2004). Sectorial comparison of factors influencing job satisfaction in Indian banking sector. Singapore Management Review 26 (2) 89-99. Berkowitz, L. (1987). Pay, equity, job gratifications and comparisons in pay satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology 72 (4) 544-551. Bless, C. , & Higson-Smith, C. (1995). bedrock of social research methods. An African perspective. (2nd ed. ). South Africa Juta and Co, Ltd. Brief, A. P. (1998). Attitudes in and around organisations USA SAGE Publications. Butler, J. (1994).To conduct an investigation into absenteeism in Cape Town organisations. Unpublished know thesis, University of Cape Town. Buitendach, J. H. , & De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction and affective organisation commitment of maintenance workers in a parastatal. South African Journal of Business Management 36 (2) 27-33. 149Bydawell, M. (2000). Managing people who dont c ome to work. People Dynamics 18 15-19. Carr, M. , & Human, P. (1988). Job satisfaction and its relationship with demographic and work-related variables A case study in the Western Cape, South Africa.South African Journal of Labour Relations 10 (3 & 4) 60-67. Cascio, W. F. (2003). Managing Human Resources Productivity, quality of work life, profits (6th ed. ). MacGraw-pitchers mound Irwin. Chambers, J. M. (1999). The job satisfaction of managerial and executive women Revisiting the assumptions. Journal of Education for Business 72 (2) 69-75. Cole, C. L. (2002). Sick of absenteeism? Get rid of sick days. Workforce 81 (9) 56-60. Connolly, K. , & Myers, E. (2003). Wellness and mattering the role of holistic factors in job satisfaction. Journal of Employment Counseling 40 (4) 287-295. Cooper, D. , & Emory, C. 1995). Business research methods (5th ed. ). USA McGaw-Hill. Cooper, C. , & Locke, E. (2000). Industrial and organisational psychology Blackwell Business. 150Cooper, D. , & Sc hindler, P. (2001). Business research methods (7th ed. ). McGraw- Hill Irwin Cooper, D. , & Schindler, P. (2003) Business research methods (8th ed. ). MacGraw-Hill Irwin. Cranny, C. J. , Cain-Smith, P. , & Stone, E. F. (1992). Job satisfaction How people feel about their jobs and how it affects their performance Lexington Books. Cresswell, J. (2003). Research design-Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed. ).USA SAGE Publications. De Vos, A. S. (1998). Research at boob roots A primer for the caring professions J. L. Van Schaik Publishers. Du Plessis, A. , Visser, D. , & Fourie, L. (2003). Die omvang en aard van afwesigheid in die werkplek n Suid-Afrikaanse gevalstudie. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 29 (1) 58-67. Egan, M. , & Kadushan, G. (2004). Job satisfaction of home health social workers in the environment of cost containment. Health and Social Work 29 (4) 287-295. Employee assistance programmes (June 2004). Employee Benefits. 151Ericson, D. (20 01). Lessons in absenteeism management. Benefits Canada, 5 (4) 89- 91. French, W. L. (1998). Human Resources Management. Boston, New York Houghton Mifflin Company. Friday, S. , & Friday, E. (2003). Racio-ethnic perceptions of job characteristics and job satisfaction. Journal of Management Development 22 (5) 426 442. Fried, Y. , Melamed, S. , & Ben-David, H. (2002). The joint effects of noise, job complexity, and gender on employee sickness absence alpha study across 21 organisations the CORDIS study. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology 75 131-144. George, J. M. , & Jones, G. R. (2002). Organisational behaviour. (3rd ed. ). New Jersey Prentice Hall. Gibson, J. , Ivancevich, J. , & Donnelly, J. (1997). Organisations Behaviour, structure, processes. (9th ed. ). Chicago Irwin. Goldberg, C. , & Waldman, D. (2000). Modelling employee absenteeism Testing alternative measures and negociate effects based on job satisfaction. Journal of Organisational Behaviour 21 6 65-676. 152Gragg, E. (2004). Telecommuting comes of age. Office Solutions 21 (4) 46-47. Hair, J. F. , Babin, B. , Money, A. & Samouel, P. (2003). Essentials of business research methods Leyh Publishing, LLC. Hardy, G. E. , Woods, D & Wall, T. D. (2003). The impact of psychological distress on bsence from work. Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (2) 306-314. Harris, D. (2005). Dealing with sickness absence. Training Journal Haswell, M. (2003). Dealing with employee absenteeism. Management Services 47 (12) Hodgkiss, K. (2004). be to staff absence. Cabinet Maker 5397 12. Hoole, C. , & Vermeulen, L. P. (2003). Job satisfaction among South African aircraft pilots. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 29 (1) 52-57. Hoque, E. , & Islam, M. (2003). Contribution of some behavioural factors to absenteeism of manufacturing in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 81 (3/4) 81-96.

Marketing planning process

Sources of Marketing Research and Information Used In Implementing MMPMarketing blueprintning abut is a logical sequence and series events to be do so as to attain strategic planning objectives of an physical composition and setting up strategic plans for achieving them. This is a formal process d unity annually by most of organizations such that the results of draft at each stage is analyzed to evaluate the impacts it has brought on the earlier stages and changes are done to meet the expectations. The principal(prenominal) aim is to move from the general to the specific, from the oerall objectives of the organization and narrow down to individual action plan for a section of one market placeing process.For an organization like Marks and spencer, this is one of widely recognized and largest clothing and food retailer in UK. The main source of marketing research and randomness in its implementation of planning process is market audit. This gives complete and accurate informatio n of what is happening at the ground. The information collected using this audit includes follow-up of the marketing environment which involves the study of the organizations markets customers, competitors and overall social, political, technical and economical environment currently and in the future and the review of detailed marketing mix in terms of product, price, place and promotion. Finally review of marketing system in its organization, strategies and objectives.Marketing system needs to be oftentimes checked since marketing plan depends on the accuracy of information from the system. The other source of information used in marketing planning is the analysis done on the market to determine what happened and why. The marketing positioning and segmentation offers the starting point of what is to be achieved by the whole planning process. Ensuring organized planning of products and work leads to balanced portfolio and finally observing 8020 rule which states that concentratin g on the 20% of products or services and 20% of customers will result in 80% of the volume and 80% of the profit.Benefits Achieved From Marketing PlanningMarks and Spencer being like any other organization which practices marketing planning for its products have gained signifi layabouttly. Some of accrued benefits includeThe organization has been able to strongly define itself and develop its identity in the customers, employees and market at large. launching of the invigorated products has been fast and cost effective it sets up a promise and expectation of the organization products and services it has separated the organization from the competitors and has given it a value making it germane(predicate) to its customers it determines the unique selling proposition over the competitors It outlines how all defined brands will be used, enhanced and strengthened and allows for strategic positioning of brands in the targeted markets.Ways of Improving Marketing Planning Process Used By Mark and SpencerFor a marketing planning process to remain and continue being viable, there needs to be frequent redefining and resetting of the objectives to march the market requirements with ever-changing economic times.Several ways in which the Mark and Spencer company can do to improve its marketing planning include first developing new range of products to meet the changing market needs and competition arising from other clothing and food making organization, re-launching and redesigning of the existing clothing ranges and doing away with those products that are not serving market effectively.New features need to be added and designing new packaging methods to make them look more attractive to the potential customers. This will ensure the products or services have all qualities that a customer expects to get from them. Then price of these products should be set such that they are able to penetrate the market effectively. This is achieved through pricing for different market se gments. This segmentation should match differences in the buyer behaviour of the customers and study the competition in terms of number of competitors, their size, place and their strengths that exists in the market and devices the price that will be able to emerge as a preferred organization in the market. Acceptance of credit card from other organizations and doing business on Sundays has significantly enabled Mark and Spencer recovers some its market share. The products need to be promoted in the market to create awareness to the customers so as to gain responses from the targeted markets.The marketing campaign dubbed look behind the label has created awareness to customer some of ethical and environmental friendly aspects being used by organization and more needs to be done to improve the image of the organization. The public relation of the organization should be well developed so as to have a clear understanding between the organization and the customers and organizing the s ales force to cover new products introduced in the market. Lastly, having a channel of distribution from the manufacturer to consumer well structured to ensure the products reach the targeted marketed at convenient time This can be done by either direct channel from contact to retail outlets or indirect means where distributor agency with good reputations are contracted to supply the products to the retailers. This will ensure the products are always gettable in the market and customers demands are met without shortage in supply.Recommendation for improving the marketing plan for the futureMarketing planning process is one of the factors considered when drawing a business plan and contributes significantly to the success since without sales, no returns are achievable. Marketing plans needs to be prepared with all stakeholders consulted and given a chance to providing their opinions so as to ensure the process is all inclusive to avoid making a decision without considering all fac tors. Professional with adequate know-how on marketing planning process can be employed so as to provide guidance and technical know-how.Marketing plans needs to be revised regularly depending on the marketing liberation to avoid lagging behind as new technology and innovations arises. Plan needs to be simple, specific, achievable and attainable. Products need to be of high quality and meet the desired standards by the targeted customers. Pricing of the products need to be specific to be each market segments so as the products can compete effectively in the market. Promotion strategies selected should be one that will reach a larger market audience effectively and provide relevant information concerning the products.ReferencesBBC News 24 (2006) M&S Set to Launch Fairtrade Range, Retrieved from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4660410.stm, on May 15, 2007Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2000) Principles of Marketing, second Edn New York, prentice Hall, HarlowFill, C. (2002) Marke ting Communications, Contexts, strategies and applications New York, Prentice HallKotler, P. Armstrong, G. Saunders, J. and Wong, V. (1999) Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn, New Jersey Prentice HallMcDonald, M. (2001) Marketing Plans How to prepare them, how to use the. quaternate Edn London, Butterworth HeinenammMcDonald, M. (2001) Marketing Plans How to prepare them, how to use the. 4th Edn London, Butterworth HeinenammBBC News 24 (2006) M&S Set to Launch Fairtrade Range, Retrieved from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4660410.stm, on May 15, 2007Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2000) Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn New York, Prentice Hall, HarlowKotler, P. Armstrong, G. Saunders, J. and Wong, V. (1999) Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn, New Jersey Prentice Hall

Letter to the President of a Fast Food Chain Essay

In a recent article from CBS News, it was found out that the part of obesity in United States has risen to alarming levels. What is frightening about this statistics is that nearly one third of children in the US aged 4-19 consume six extra pounds every year which jeopardizes their health by making them vulnerable to obesity (Holguin 2003). This is no wonder considering the fact that billions of dollars are allocated to the ludicrous amount of fast food advertising and ubiquitous franchises that virtually leaves the public saturated with high-calorie and low-fiber diet.I am writing to you to explain how detrimental it is for children to consume abnormal amounts of fast food, so that in your capacity as president of a leading fast food chain, you can consider this information and alter the way your products are produced and marketed. It is align that food intake is a matter of individual responsibility. However, in case of children, marketing plays a powerful part in controlling th eir choices. One of the biggest culprits that chance on fast food so appealing to children is the marketing of meals with toys.The idea behind associating fast food with toys is to attract a bigger slice of the market since kids would unremarkably be accompanied by their families when they go out to get burger, fries and the latest toy craze. The motto of fast food marketing is to attract kids with toys, toys, toys (Schlosser 2001, 46). fifty-fifty the facilities and playground section in most fast food chains seem to be a part of marketing this unhealthy food. Advertising, of course, would not observe how unhealthy the meals that come with the toys are.The high calorie content of these meals comes from heavy frying and large amounts of sugar that appeal to the appreciation buds of children. Studies show that babies prefer the sweet taste and reject the bitter ones (Schlosser 2001). As such, fast food meals become comfort foods for children because of the addicting experience t hey have when they consume it (Schlosser 2001, 123). An different problem in preparation of meals in fast food restaurants is the use of hydrogenated oil for frying (Gosline 2006).Hydrogenated oil or trans-fats are hazardous because they increase the risk of heart attack (Gosline 2006). fleshiness is some other outcome of a steady consumption of high-calorie diet. Although companies promote exercise and having an active lifestyle, these are no compensation for consuming more than the required calories for a day. Obesity is not the final result of a high-calorie diet because it branches out and causes myriad of other health problems including diabetes which attack body systems making it susceptible to host of other diseases and organ failures.Presently, the media, specifically producers of eye-opening documentaries and books, and policy-makers are making efforts to inform the public of the hazards of fast food. These efforts are meant to protect our children from developing unhealt hy habits and eventually developing body malfunctions. It is my advocacy that people, including those who are involved the industry of fast food, are informed of the repercussions of unchecked, unbalanced and irresponsible production and consumption of this modern day health hazard.Only done information can we be aware of the dangers that we have been so accustomed to patronize. Sincerely yours, authorReferences Gosline, A. (2006). Why fast foods are bad, even in moderation. News Scientist Health. Retrieved 25 January 2009 from http//www. newscientist. com/article/dn9318. Holguin, J. (2003). Fast Food linked to Child Obesity. CBS News. Retrieved 25 January 2009 from http//www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/01/05/health/main591325. shtml. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation The dark side of the all-american meal. NY Hughton Mifflin

Childhood Practices Identify Holistic Development Education Essay

Children develop cognitive accomplishments and linguistic communication accomplishments from engagement in human-centred disciplines activities humane disciplines in school undertakings, 1990. For illustration, development of numeral construct whitethorn be incorporated in music and art where kids visualize about successiveness, place, forms and forms ( Booth, 1982 as cited by Kolbe, 1991 ) . Children whitethorn necessitate to understand the sequence of events to associate to the beats of the musical instruments when utilizing musical instruments to re-enact the sound of air current as in the narrative of three small hogs. As for art in relation to devising of marionettes, kids may hear about forms and places. Language development may be incorporated in play when kids express their ideas verbally, for illustration, when they are asked for linguistic process to depict the characters in the narratives.Humanistic disciplines instruction contributes to the affectional development i n that it helps kids to develop emotions and virtuousnesss ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 Winston, 2010 ) . Through narratives and play, kids may develop soul on moral values. The narrative of the three small hogs concludes with the three small hogs populating together in the brick house and the large bad wolf is killed. Children may come start some apprehension on the value of caring and sharing, diligence and to a fault that the bad get out be punished. By playing games and puppetry with friends, kids learn to show their ideas and to socialise with others.Children communicate through assorted ways, such as verbal linguistic communication, organic structure looks, gestures, drawings or sound, which may be regarded as symbolic representations ( Gardner, 1979 as cited in Wright, 1991 ) . As all signifiers of humanistic disciplines may be associated with symbolic representations, instruction through the humanistic disciplines may be one manner where kids learn to associate to each other and besides to the existent universe. Children may utilize representations like drawings or objects to retrace their life experiences so as to do disposition of it ( Kolbe, 1991 ) . For illustration, they may pull images of their household members. This in bend help the kid to develop the childaaa?s apprehension of himself and relationship to his household.It is in the human temperament to play and most activities associating to kids may be seen as gambling to them ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . There is no restraints or barriers in drama so kids may be will to research different functions and thoughts, and as a consequence, they may larn more efficaciously ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . Humanistic disciplines Education may be equated to a signifier of drama as the activities may be child-initiated and kids derive enjoyment and satisfaction from the procedure of playing ( Dau, 1991 ) . As in drama, kids learn through the procedures of imitation, imaginativeness and command in the humanistic disciplines ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to Piaget, imitation is a signifier of adjustment. When kids extend on bing lore through imaginativeness, they may hold assimilated and achieve command of new information ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . This may be in the instance of re-enacting the sound of air current with musical instruments. Children choose the instruments based on their past experiences and imaginativeness to re-enact the sound they wanted. Humanistic disciplines bear chances for kids to research and polish their accomplishments through these three elements of drama.Furthermore, kids are able to show their ideas through play hence leting it to be a mean of communicating ( Swanwick, 1988 Pinciotti, 1993 ) . When kids debate the character of the wolf, they may be given chances to voice their sentiments on the action of the wolf and thitherfore advance verbal linguistic communication development. They may besides show their ideas through organic struc ture motion and gestures during function drama. By working on the facial look and organic structure gestures, kids may larn other agencies of pass oning their ideas.Humanistic disciplines encourage kids to research and work out job ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Children may necessitate to research ways to do the marionettes and other suppositional accounts. They have to work out on the infinite required and the proportion of the marionettes when pulling them. In this manner, they may larn to associate to spacial and comparative context every bit good as to larn of ways to do the marionettes such that they make sense to others ( Cooke, Griffin & A Cox, 1998 ) . Furthermore, it will further childrenaaa?s experimental accomplishments and believing procedure ( Kolbe, 1991 )Children learn to socialize, sympathize with and associate to others from different positions ( Parsons, 1991 Pinciotti, 1993 ) . In play, they may hold different readings on the functions and therefore there may be differ ent versions of the characters. As such, the kids may hold to come to an understanding on the thoughts for specifying the characters. Along the manner, they may get dialogue and coaction accomplishments. In the instance of little universe drama, kids may portion thoughts about the stuffs, props and how to utilize them. In making so, they develop communicating and dialogue accomplishments. Puppetry may prevent down barriers and let kids to show their ideas through playing with finger marionettes. As a consequence, kids may derive new apprehension of the universe as their cognition addition through interaction and coaction ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) .Humanistic disciplines besides help to construct assurance and self-esteem and supply chances for kids to be sociable ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 Parsons, 1991 ) . In the instance of playing games, barriers are broken down and kids tend to be more relax and therefore supplying chances for societal development. For ill ustration, kids may necessitate to discourse and make up ones mind on which musical instrument best represent the sound consequence they wanted to make. They may be able to derive assurance working in a squad as they have the chances to originate or to take decompose in treatment.In add-on, humanistic disciplines may promote critical thought and diverseness. As kids portion their ideas on similarities and differences through treatment and action, it helps them to understand and accept differences in sentiments and cut down biass. Through questioning the wolf, where the instructor plays the function, kids may besides larn to analyze the issue from different positions. For illustration, the wolf may reply that it is his sneezing that caused the house to be blown down. This reply may put the kids to believe if the hogs are excessively headlong in their opinion of the wolf. These exercisings may help the kids to compromise and listen to otheraaa?s thoughts or accounts when there is str uggle.As most humanistic disciplines are open-ended undertakings, there may be many solutions to an issue. As such, it encourages believing and geographic expedition ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . These raise be seen in the assorted ways to construct the houses, kids can experiment with assorted stuffs to do the walls of the houses, like straws, composition boards or pigment. They can besides do different types of houses, like pulling a image of a house or doing a theoretical account of the house. Children may be able to propose new thoughts therefore hiking their assurance.Dramatisation provides an first-class platform for literacy and linguistic communication development. Children may develop their aural accomplishments while listening to the narratives or watching public presentation. They may develop on their unwritten accomplishments when moving or during brainstorming session ( Arts in school undertakings, 1990 ) .Drama is commonly done in a group. As such, kids need to interact and associate to their equals to brainstorm on thoughts. By making so, kids learn to be sociable and fault up communicating and dialogue accomplishments ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ) . They may derive some penetration of the existent universe, where there are diverse civilizations and differences in thoughts. For illustration, during dramatization of a narrative like the three small hogs, the houses that the three hogs built may non be what the kids expected. In the instance of Singapore, bulk of the kids live in flats. As such, the kids may be involved in an exchange of thoughts about lodging around the universe.By widening a narrative during dramatization, as in the instance of Jack and the beanstalk, kids may be required to see from the position of the elephantine. Jack may be incorrect to take the aureate harp from the giant without permission.Children learn self-denial as they may hold to stay by the regulations they have set for the play. Children may d evelop a sense of independency as they need to do determinations while working as a squad. They may be able to be confident, initiate treatment or take part in treatment confidently ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) .However, to optimize the childaaa?s acquisition, the function of the instructor would be of import to take the kids so as to optimise their acquisition. Humanistic disciplines introduced to kids depend on the expertness and involvement of the instructors ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ) . If the instructors are enthusiastic and have positive cognition on the humanistic disciplines, she will be able to actuate the kids to take an involvement in the topic, therefore doing larning in humanistic disciplines more interesting and enlightening. In add-on, most early childishness scenes seem to be take humanistic disciplines instruction as a portion of the course of study instead than to develop the course of study from the humanistic disciplines.Therefore although hu manistic disciplines may be of import for the instruction on immature kids, its effectivity may be dependent on the beliefs of the early childishness scenes and instructors.

Intercultural Communication and Conflicts Essay

The communication between different cultures is very difficult. Intercultural communication can lead to misunderstanding and confusion. You may offend someone without even cognize it. Nonverbal communication is challenge as well such as handshakes, eye contact, hug, and etc. These problems happened so many times from my fiancee who is from America and me who is from southernmost Korea. One day, my father visited to our place for holiday. When my father walked into our place, my fiancee was lying on the sofa and then he said Hi. In Korean culture, when adults come to you, you enquire to stand up and bow to them. That moment, my fiancees behavior was disrespectful to my father. This tells us that we grew up differently since we apply different culture background. However, we both have the attitude where we like to learn about each other cultures. It gives us a better understanding and respect more. To me, language barrier is one of start with communication.When I moved to America , I barely spoke slope and I was really afraid of speaking with other people, especially in English however, time went by, as went to high school, college and join in the Army in America, I became more interactive in communication with people. Also, my fiancee helps me to learn and correct my English skill. Interpersonal communication Thousands of people use more online email, texting, Facebook, twitter, and etc. to communicate now, because its easier and faster to communicate to others.On the other hand, online communications can be bad. More likely, face to face communication can be avoided. I realized that most people use smart phone anytime and anywhere now. Sadly, it happens during class, meeting, dating, waiting, and dining. In fact, one of my nieces who is 6 years old refused to talk and listen to me when I discipline her. Instead face to face communication, she wanted to text me to say sorry. I didnt accept her apologize because I believe in true meaningful interpersonal c ommunication should be face to face communication.

Describe how John Steinbeck Essay

Similarities are used as well as the contrasting of characters. (Candy and his dog) By compare the dog to Candy, and Candy to the dog, an atmosphere which is created leads to one of the important themes of the book, the Ameri ass Dream. The atmosphere itself helps us understand more about the life of the workers, where there is tension in the midst of workers watched him uneasily, and where it is a very cruel world, I aint much good. As previously custodytioned, animal, light and sound imaging can be used very effectively to portray a certain atmosphere, but there are also other words Steinbeck uses to help him in this creation.Fumed can study anger in a character, making an atmosphere totally different to sighed. The description of the bunkhouse at the beginning of chapter two, we can check over all the techniques used by Steinbeck to create atmosphere. The light images of sunlight, bright dust-laden bar highlights, where things will happen later on in the myth. The plain wor ds ilk unpainted help to create an atmosphere, describing the bunkhouse. References to sound, flies shot in uses onomatopoeia and creates move workforcet like the beginning of the book.Finally, adding characters to the bunkhouse, Stoop-shouldered gives the imagery of the bunkhouse and its roughness and an image of the tiredness of the custody. Using the imagery of light and sound, he sets the scene, then giving it life and relations to the reader exploitation animal imagery, giving u the feeling you are there in the story watching what is happening. He finishes the effect by adding certain people into certain situations, Steinbeck has created an interesting story line and the way George and Lennies relationship has worked out. puppet imagery is used to describe the characters, but also their move ments, which give us an idea of the overall atmosphere. Steinbeck has an amazing ability to create atmosphere. From the very start of the story you can tell that Lennie and George are ve ry poor by the clothes they wear and they do not have backpacks they are carrying bindles with very little possessions in. to a fault they have to heat and eat the baked beans they have with them out of the tin as they do not have a saucepan or tin unfastener between them. This gives you a very good idea to how the two men are used to living.Loneliness affects all the characters, this is portrayed very well by Steinbeck and how the loneliness is making the characters life harder. This is due to the fact they never have a job for long enough to make permanent friends. You never father out much about the other characters as Steinbeck focuses on george and Lennie constantly, but you do learn that they are all deprivation through with(predicate) the same and you realize out the main characteristics of all the characters. Violence plays a large part through the story, mainly linked to Curley and Lennie. Curley made many threats to lennie and does eventually go through with what he i s saying.The job at the ranch the two men have taken on is very hard and Steinbeck describes this very well by using phrases such as hard enough work to bust a gut. The bunkhouse they are staying in on the ranch is in very full-grown condition and the whole place is dirty and disgusting showing how bad conditions for men during those days were and what people would do just to get a oddball of money. As the story develops u discover why the two men are there in the graduation exercise place. George, the more mature of the two men looks after Lennie and you get the impression that Lennie needs a lot of support and isnt capable of doing things on his own.Lennie has an obsession with soft furry things but due to his strength suffocates the mouse he gets, and this plays along throughout the story. The two men are dependent on each other but George tries to not show this to anyone. Lennie is very childish and is often referred to as having animal characteristics. When the two men arriv e at the ranch and first meet the boss Lennie is told to be quiet, first u do not understand why but is eventually made clear, if he spoke he may of lost the two men their jobs due to an incident at the previous place.Lennie does not realise his own strength and gets himself in a lot of trouble. He seems to have difficulty appreciation simple instructions and its George who always has to help him out of trouble. Parts of the story give you the impression that George can get very annoyed and uncomfortable with Lennies company and at several points threatens to leave him on his own and they will not live the American Dream. The dream is one of the ways the two men combat their loneliness, by having the dream in their minds it makes them have faith and hope for the future instead f just giving up.Lennie uses the dream as something that keeps him going and he often asked George to repeat it when he is feeling down and unloved. Their American dream was to get enough money to move on an d start a new life just like Lennie wanted, on a farm with rabbits (soft). We find out that Lennie has feelings for Curleys wife and that when he gets close to her in the atomic number 5 he manages to break her neck when he panics as she started to scream as he wouldnt let go of her because her hair was soft.Lennie is very vulnerable to the orthogonal world and has no understanding of the world and whats going on around him. Steinbeck describes him very well, as he does George. You get the feeling of the emotions these two men are going through to get through life. It is a very good story and tin Steinbeck is a very good author. Show laggard only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? Search for y

La Dame and Cathy Ames Comparison

In the song La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats and the story East Of Eden by John Steinbeck some(prenominal) authors alike condition women as merciless through the use of the literary technique of imagery. Both Steinbeck and Keats throughout their writings describe events and people in great detail. Both of the women atomic number 18 beautiful yet wild, put a man to sleep, and take someone to solitude. In the beginning of both the poem and story the authors give a actually opthalmic description of the women.They are both considered to appear on the outside as if they are a faerys child beautiful. But when you look into their eyes a sense of being wild is within them. The wildness that the men see in their eyes foreshadows their merciless nature. The wildness alludes to and foreshadows the womens animalistic and heartless actions. In both storys the women seduce multiple men with their physical attractiveness in order to gain control of them and make the situation benefit them.The authors use imagery in their texts by explaining in detail the womens outstanding physical features in order to make the reader picture the women in the same way that the narrator does. Steinbeck and Keats effectivly jutting the images of the women into the minds of the reader. In the two pieces of literature both of the authors specify a scene using imagery in which the beautiful women make a man fall out asleep in order to obtain what they want.In Steinbecks case it would be Cathy Ames overdosing Adam so she can sleep with Charles on the night of their wedding. While in Keats poem it is La Dame who slowly puts the unsuspecting knight to sleep so she can murder him. The women in these scenes commit awful acts but neither of them resilient any remorse or conscience, which oes to show the women are truly merciless and have a wild nature. In Keats story he uses imagery in the knights vivid dream as a warning to show him all of La Dames past victims who had been lured in and killed before him.This shows that La Dames feeling of love are false and that she will continue to mercilessly hurt people. The authors uses of imagery in these scenes make the reader feel similar they are in the story observance the horrible acts take place and make the reader lovingly hate the women for their cruel and clever actions. In both texts Steinbeck and Keats write a very visual scene about men leaving the eautiful women and cutting all ties to them because they realize that the women are fake, merciless and wild.In the poem written by Keats the knight wakes up as a lonely and palely loitering man because he realizes that if he continued to follow La Dame he would end up like all the other men who fell for her because she is wild and will never be tamed, she is merciless and all of her fealings were false. La Dame emotionally misconstrues the knight and leaves hime to live his life as a dead person with his heart in a million pieces. In Steinbecks novel the whoremas ter, Mr.Edwards, beats and then leaves Cathy to die because he feels that Cathy had eer manipulated him and hurt him emotionally, physically and finically and he ever have to deal with her and be put through what he had been. Throughout each of the literary masterpieces both authors similarly characterize women as merciless through the use of the literary technique of imagery. Both of the women are beautiful yet wild, put a man to sleep, and force someone to solitude. Cathy Ames and La Dame were characterized as two despicipable women who inflicted pain and suffering upon others, to make up for the emotions that they cannot feel.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 17~18

CHAPTER SEVENTEENJonathan Livingston ReaperAmy wore an oversized, ramshackle IM WITH STUPID nightshirt and Local Motion flip-flops. Her hair was comp permitely flat on unrivaled side and splayed pop into an improbable sunburst of spikes on the other, making it appear that she was getting hit in the side of the head by a footling hurricane, which she wasnt. She was, how of all time, performing the longest sustained yawn system had ever chequern.Ooo ahe-e, I aya oa a, she state in yawnspeak, a language not unlike Hawaiian surviven for its paucity of consonants. (You go ahead, Im okay, she was saying.) She gestured for dust to continue. ashes cued the tape and fiddled with the audio. A whale tail in a ambit of blue passed by on the monitor.Theres someone turn upside, Captain.Does he have my sandwich with him?Amy stopped yawning and scooted forward on the gage she was perched upon behind clay. When the whale tail came down, carcass stopped the tape and beted defend at her.Well? picnic it again.He did. Can we get a feeling for direction? Amy asked. That accommodate has stereo micro remembers, mighty? What if we pass the speakers far apart can we get a sense where its coming from?Clay shook his head. The mikes atomic number 18 right next to each other. You have to separate them by at least a megabyte to get either spatial information. All I can assort you is that its in the pissing and its not particularly loud. In fact, if I hadnt been using the rebreather, Id never have heard it. Youre the audio person. What can you tell me? He ran it back and played it again.Its human speech.Clay looked at her as if to say, Uh-huh, I woke you up because I needed the obvious pointed out.And its military.Why do you telephone its military?Now Amy gave Clay the real(prenominal) look that he had just finished giving her. Captain?Oh, right, said Clay. Speaker in the water? Divers with step inaqueous communications? What do you think?Didnt sound li ke it. Did it sound like it was coming from small speakers to you?Nope. Clay played it again. Sandwich? he said.Sandwich?The Old Broad said that someone look toed her claiming to be a whale and asked her to tell Nate to bring him a sandwich.Amy squeezed Clays shoulder. Hes gone, Clay. I bash you dont believe what I saw happened, unless it certainly wasnt round a sandwich conspiracy.Im not saying that, Amy. Damn it. Im not saying this had anything to do with Nates he was departure to say drowning and stopped himself accident. But it expertness have to do with the lab getting wrecked, the tapes getting stolen, and someone trying to mess with the Old Broad. Someone is fucking with us, Amy, and it might be whoever is save on this tape.And thithers no way the camera could have pulled a signal out of the air, something on the same frequency or something? A mobile phone or something?Through a half-inch of powder-coated aluminum housing and a hundred feet of water? No, that si gnal came in through the mike. That Im sure of.Amy nodded and looked at the paused picture on the screen. So youre aspect for two things someone military and someone who has an interest in Nates pass away.No one Clay stopped himself again, remembering what hed said to Nate when the lab had been wrecked. That no one cared about their work. But plain someone did. Tarwater?Amy shrugged. Hes military. Maybe. Leave the tape out. Ill run a spectrograph on the audio in the morning, see if I can tell if its coming through some kind of amplifier. Ive got nothing left tonight Im beat.Thanks, Clay said. You get some rest, kiddo. Im going to hit it, too. Ill be heading down to the harbor start- mop up thing. Kay.Oh, and hey, the kiddo thing, I didnt mean Amy threw her arm more or less him and kissed the top of his head. You defective mook. Dont worry, well get through this. She cancelled and started out the door.Amy?She paused in the doorway. Yeah?Can I ask you a personal ques tion, kinda?Shoot.The shirt whos foolish?She looked down at her shirt, consequently back at him and grinned. Always seems to apply, Clay. No matter where I am or who Im with, the smoke clears and the shirt is true. You gotta hang on to truth when you find it.I like truth, Clay said.Night, Clay.Night, kiddo.The next day the weather was desolaten out, with whitecaps frosting the entire channel across to Lanai and the coconut palms lashing overhead like epileptic dust mops. Clay drove by the harbor in his truck, noting that the cabin cruiser that slack Hylands group had been using was parked in its slip. Then he turned rough and caught a flash of white out of the corner of his eye as he drove ult the hundred-year-old Pioneer Inn Captain Tarwaters navy whites standing out against the kelvin ship lie. He parked his truck by the giant banyan tree next door and humped it over to the restaurant.When Clay came up to the table, the hostess was just placeing Cliff Hyland, Tarwa ter, and one of their grad students, a young blond woman with a raccoon sunburn and straw-dry hair.Hey, Cliff, Clay said. You got a minute?Clay, how you doing? Hyland took off his sunglasses and stood to shake hands. Please, centre us.Clay looked at Tarwater, and the naval officer nodded. Sorry to hear about your partner, he said. Then he looked back down at his menu. The young woman sitting with them was watching the dynamic between the common chord men as if she might write a paper on it.Just a second, Clay said. If I could talk to you outside.Now Tarwater glanced up and gave Cliff Hyland an almost imperceptible shake of the head.Sure, Clay, Cliff said, lets walk. He looked to the junior researcher. When she comes, coffee, Portuguese sausage, eggs over easy, whole wheat.The girl nodded. Hyland followed Clay out to the front of the hotel, which overlook the harbor fueling station and the Carthaginian, a steel-hulled replica of a whaling brig, now used as a floating museum. They stood side by side, watching the harbor, each with a radix propped on the seawall.Whats up, Clay?What are you guys working on, Cliff?You know I cant talk about that. I signed a nondisclosure thing.You got diverse(prenominal) in the water, people with subsurface coms?Dont be silly, Clay. Youve seen my crew. Except for Tarwater, theyre just kids. Whats this about?Somebodys fucking with us, Cliff. They sank my boat, tore up the office, took Nates papers and tapes. Theyre even messing with one of our benefactors. Im not even sure they dont have something to do with Nates And you think its me? Hyland took his foot off the seawall and turned to Clay. Nate was my friend, too. Ive known you guys, what? Twenty-two, twenty-three years? You cant think Id do anything like that.Im not saying you personally. What are you and Tarwater working on, Cliff? What would Nate know that would interfere with what youre doing?Hyland stared at his feet. Scratched his beard. I dont know.You dont know? Y ou know what were doing figure it out. Listen, I know you guys are using a big towable sonar rig, right? Whats Tarwater looking at? Some new kind of active sonar? If it didnt have a hinky element, he wouldnt be here on site. Mines?Damn it, Clay, I cant tell you I can tell you that if I belief it was going to hurt the animals, or anyone in the field for that matter, I wouldnt be doing the work.Remember the navys Pacific biologic Ocean Science Program? Were you in on that?No. Birds, wasnt it?Yeah, seabirds. The navy came to a bunch of field biologists with a ton of money needinessed seabirds tagged and tracked, behavior recorded, population information, habitat, everything. Everyone thought the heavens had capable up and started raining money. Thought the navy was doing some sort of secret impact study to come to the birds. Do you know what the study was actually for?No, that was before my time, Clay.They wanted to use the birds as delivery systems for biologic weapons. Wan ted to flummox sure they could predict that theyd fly to the enemy. Probably fifty scientists helped in that study.But it didnt happen, Clay, did it? I mean, the information was valuable scientifically, but the weapons project didnt pan out.As far as we know. Thats the point. How would we know, until a mug drops fucking anthrax on us?Cliff Hyland had aged a gallus of years in the few minutes theyd been standing there. I promise, Clay, if theres any indication that Tarwater or the navy or any of the spooky guys that come around from time to time are involved with trying to sabotage you guys, Ill call you in an instant. I promise you. But I cant tell you what Im working on, or why. I dont on the dot have funding coming out my ears. If I lose this, Im teaching freshmen about dolphin jaws. Im not ready for that. I need to be in the field.Clay looked at him sideways and saw that there was real concern, maybe even a spark of desperation in Hylands eyes. You know, your funding might be a little easier to come by if you werent based in Iowa. I dont know if youve noticed, but theres no ocean in Iowa.Hyland smiled at the old dig. Thanks for pointing that out, Clay.Clay extended his hand. You promise youll let me know?Absolutely.Clay left feeling totally spent. The great head of steam hed built up through a night of fitful sleep had wilted into exhaustion and confusion. He got in his truck and sit while sweat rolled down his neck. He watched tourists in aloha wear mill around under the great banyan tree like gift-wrapped zombies.Cliff Hylands eggs were still steaming when he returned to the table.Tarwater looked up from his own breakfast and moved his snow-white hat away from Hylands plate, as if the rumpled scientist might splash yolk over the gold anchors in a fit of disorganized eating. Everything all right?The young woman at the table fidgeted and tried to look invisible.Clays still a little shaken up. Understandably. He and Nathan Quinn have been working toge ther a long time.Lucky they made it this long without self-destructing, Tarwater said. squashy as they run that act. You see that kid that works for them? Not worth grinding up for chum. Cliff Hyland dropped his fork in his plate. Nathan Quinn was one of the most intuitively brilliant biologists in the field. And Clay Demodocus may very well be the best underwater photographer in the gentlemans gentleman, certainly when it comes to cetaceans. You have no right.The world turns, Doc. Yesterdays alphas are todays betas. Losers lose. Isnt that what you biologists teach?Cliff Hyland came very close to burying a fork in Tarwaters convert forehead, but instead he slowly climbed to his feet. I need to use the restroom. Excuse me.As he walked away, Hyland could hear Tarwater lecturing the junior researcher on how the strong survive. Cliff dug his mobile phone out of the pocket of his safari shirt and began scrolling through the numbers.Clay was just dozing off in the drivers seat when hi s mobile trilled. Without looking at the display, he figured it was Clair checking up on him. Go, baby.Clay, its Cliff Hyland.Cliff? Whats up?Youve got to keep this under your hat, Clay. Its my ass.I got you. What is it, Cliff?Its a torpedo range. Were doing site studies for a torpedo campaign range.Not in the sanctuary?Right in the heart of the sanctuary.Jeepers, Cliff, thats terrible. I dont know if my hat is big enough to hold that.You gave me your word, Clay. Whats with jeepers? Who says jeepers?Amy does. Shes a little eccentric. Tell me more. Does the navy have divers in the water?CHAPTER EIGHTEENHeinous Fuckery Most FoulJeepers, said Amy. She was at Quinns computer. Streamers of digital videotape were festooned across her lap and over the desk.Oh, thats heinous fuckery most foul, said Kona. He was perched on the extravagantly stool behind Amy and actually appeared to be trying to learn something when Clay came in.Theyve been simulating explosions on the lee of Kahoolawe wit h a big towable array of underwater speakers, measuring the levels. The speaker array is whats in that big case weve seen on their boat.We have a couple of explosions on the singer tapes, but distant, Amy said. Nate thought it might be naval exercises out at sea. dissertation of tapes? Clay picked up a strand of tape. This isnt my rebreather footage, is it?Im sorry, Clay. I didnt get the video, but I pulled the audio off before this happened. Want to see the spectrograph?Kona asked, You think those voices in the water be navy divers?Clay looked at Amy, raised an eyebrow.He wanted to learn.Cliff says therere no divers in the water, that his operation is it, militarily, in the sanctuary anyway. But he might not even know.Amy wadded up the videotape and chucked the resulting birds come on into the wastebasket. How can they do that, Clay? How can they put a torpedo range in the middle of the humpback sanctuary? Its not like people wont notice.Yeah, shes a big ocean. Why here? Kona said .I have no idea. Maybe they dont want there to be any mis urinate about whose amnionic fluid theyre blowing up ordnance in. If they blow them up in between a bunch of American islands, maybe there cant be any misinterpretation about what theyre doing.Lost now, Kona said. Does not compute. Danger. Danger. Control room needfully herb. The Rastafarian had affected an accent that seemed an excellent approximation of how a stoned robot might sound. slip warfare is all about hide and seek with other submarines, Clay said. The crews are autonomous when theyre underwater. They make decisions on whether theyre being attacked and whether to defend. Maybe if the navy just shot torpedoes off in the middle of the undecided sea, someone might misinterpret the action as an attack. Its damn unlikely that a Russian sub is going to be cruising up to Wailea for brunch and misinterpret an attack.They cant do that, Amy said. They cant let them set off high explosives around the mothers and calves. Its just insane.Theyll go deep and say it doesnt bother them. The navy will guarantee they wont blow up anything shallower than, say, four hundred feet. The humpbacks dont dive that deep in this channel.Yes they do, Amy said.No they dont, Clay said.Yes they do.Theres no data on that, Amy. Thats specifically what Cliff Hyland asked me about. He wanted to know if we were doing any research on the perspicacity of humpback dives. Said that it would be the only thing the navy would care about.Amy stood up and shoved the wheeled desk tone down away. It bounced off Konas shins, causing him to wince. Ease on up, sistah.Amy, this wasnt my idea, Clay said. Im just telling you what Hyland told me.Fine, Amy said. She pushed her way past Clay and headed for the door.Where are you going?Somewhere else. She let the screen door slam behind her.Clay turned to Kona, who appeared to be studying the ceiling with great concentration. What?You makin up that submarine war story?Kind of. I read a Tom Clancy book once. Look, Kona, Im not supposed to know stuff. Nate knew stuff. I just take the pictures.You think the navy sink your boat? Maybe make something bad happen to Nate?The boat, maybe. I dont think they could have had anything to do with Nate. That was just bad luck.The Snowy Biscuit all this getting under her skin.Mine, too.Ill go put the calm on her.Thanks, Clay said. He walked to the other side of the office, slumped in his chair, and pulled his editing tools up on the giant monitor.A half hour later he heard a tiny voice coming through the screen door. Sorry, Amy said.Its okay.She stepped into the room and stood there, not looking as glazed as he would have expected if Kona had put the calm on her in an herbal way. Sorry about your tape, too. The camera was making crunching noises on playback, so I sort of rushed taking it out.Not a problem. It was your big rescue scene. It just made me look like an amateur. I got most of it on the inviolable drive, I think.You did? She stepped over to the monitor. That it? Frame stopped, the whale tail from the edge, black marks barely visible.Just going through it to see if theres anything else the audio picked up. The camera was running the whole time you were saving my bacon.Why dont you let it rest and let me take you out to lunch.Its ten-thirty.What, youre Mr. Rigid Schedule all of a sudden? progress out to lunch with me. I feel bad.Dont feel bad, Amy. Its a huge loss. I Im not dealings well myself. You know, to keep this work going, well be needing some academic juice.Amy just stared at the frozen pictorial matter of the whale tail, and then she caught herself. What? Oh, youll get someone. You put the word out, youll have Ph.D.s knocking the door down to work with you.I was thinking about you.Me? Im crap. I dont even have a bona fide hair color. Ink on my masters isnt even dry. You read my resume.Actually, I didnt.You didnt?You seemed intelligent. You were willing to work for nothing.Nate read it, though, right?I told him you were good. And if its any consolation, he thought the world of you.Thats how you hire? Im smart and Im cheap thats it? What kind of standards do you guys have?Have you met Kona?She looked back at the monitor, then at Clay again. I feel so used. Honored, but used. Look, Im thrilled you want to keep me on, but Im not going to bring you funding or legitimacy.Ill worry about that. shake up about it after lunch. Come on, Ill buy.Youre poor. Besides, Im meeting Clair for lunch at one.Okay. Can I borrow Nates uh, the green truck?Keys are on the counter. Clay waved over his shoulder toward the kitchen.Amy took the keys, then started out the door, caught herself, then ran back, and threw her arms around the photographer. I really appreciate your asking me to stay.Go. Take Kona with you. Feed him. Hose him off.Nope, if youre not coming, Im going solo. Tell Clair hi for me.Go.He looked back at the computer, looked past the window at the brilliant Maui sun, then shut the computer down, feeling very much as if nothing he did mattered or would ever matter again.

Muscle Milk Essay

Father and son Mike and Greg Pickett, Founded Cytosport Inc. in 1988. The harvest-feast with safe taste organises bodybuilders and athletes. muscle milk is not only designed with athletes or body builders in mind, but can be beneficiary to a wide range of individuals seeking to be stronger, healthier, leaner, livelier or bigger. Cyto merriment honorable obtained its NSF Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Sport Registration, showing credibility that it does not contain any substances on the banned list recognized by the World Anti-Doping Agency, the National Football League, Major League Baseball, etc. (Bloomberg c be Week, 2008).Un exchangeable other companies, Cytosport condemns the exercise of performance enhancing drugs, and through its efforts with IOC, NFL, and NCAA, will never include chemicals like steroids amongst their ingredients (article Base 2010). CytoSport, one of the companys best selling products, massiveness take out, is designed to provide nutrients tha t will naturally build up tangible tissue. ponderosity Milk has several(prenominal) extension make, including powder products, pre-blends products and power bars. Muscle Milk RTD (Ready to Drink) which comes in tailfin delicious flavors Chocolate shake, Vanilla creme shake, Strawberry and creme, Banana creme shake, Chocolate malt.Every bottle contains 25g of support proteins for prolong energy including, Calcium and Sodium Caseinate, and Milk Protein Isolate (Cytosport 2010). The 14 oz. serving of Muscle Milk is gluten and milk sugar free and contains precisely 25 grams of protein to sustain energy, carbohydrates and functional fats for energy metabolism, and all essential amino acids in 20 vitamins and minerals. Combining science with performance Muscle Milk allows for rapid muscle growth, high energy, and change magnitude metabolism of fat.The creators of Muscle Milk listen to the needs of their consumers and offer a variety of options for their product, such as Muscle M ilk Light, their low calorie blend, or Muscle Milk Naturals which omits the use of artificial sweeteners (all profession 2008). Competitive review, Muscle Milk is currently the leader in RTD protein shakes (Bloomberg Business calendar week 2008). However there is a quickly rising competitor named Isopure, although at the moment it has not yet had as frequently sales as people who have been in the marketplace for a while they have a formula which provides them with 100% all isolated natural protein (All Business 2008).In All business week article explains the distribution review, the product can be found at stores such as GNC, 7 Eleven, Costco, Vitamin Shoppe, and Fitness First Gyms. It is too available in several popular online sites such as bodybuilding. com, prosource. net, keysupplements. com and several others. Partnered with Pepsi Beverages Co. to distribute the RTD line of Muscle Milk and Muscle Milk Light in its territories in the US and Canada. The strengths of the com pany argon since, ordered in 1998 Cytosport has valuable sales experience in performance enhancing market.Our brand name is very well liked and recognized by bodybuilders and partners alike and is already being marketed via sports teams such as the Yahoo cycling team and the Under Armour Football Combines. There are over $200 million in sales within the last accounting period (Article base 2010). It has the pecuniary resources to study the market trends thereby, plan for the future, train sales personnel and to effectively market the brand. There are several weakness of our product, Brand science, even though Cytosport is an established and ren profess by the gym population, the ecumenic public still doesnt know of their products.Some people may experience diarrhea, abdominal cramps and illness after the consumption of Muscle Milk (Livestrong 2010). Some of the opportunities of our product we are currently proud to be supporting 24 colleges by improving over 125 athletic progr ams. We do this by providing our Muscle Milk line of products to assist in their strength training (livestrong 2010). In March, CytoSport introduced Muscle Milk Protein piss in GNC stores and Costco, two of their biggest partners. The Protein H20 comes in a variety of fruit flavors including Grape, Grapefruit, Orange and Raspberry.The product contains 60 calories and is sugar-free. In todays gym obsessed world, Cytosport is utilizing this is an opportunity to promote muscle milk, thus increase its market share, whilst creating value for the customers. Unfortunately there are several threats, Nestle USA is currently suing Muscle Milk saying that they do not have any actual milk in their product and that is eceptively misdescriptive (All Business 2008). A third party medical group may come out with seek indicating that this causa of product is unhealthy (all Business 2008).There are withal over fifty other competitors in this Market including CNP professional Proslam, Strength Sys tems USA Muscle Blast, and AllMax Nutrition ISOFLEX. Pepsi Co might start their own line of product if they see this as a good revenue line That can also be a threat. Future FDA regulations on the product may cause us to cease operations. SO Strategy, we use strengths to take advantage of opportunities Use of their efficient R&D team to develop saucy products quickly to respond to new distribution channels demands.We also use of experience and knowledge to prepare and address the specific needs of new segments of the market. Ex. Female athletes and children. WO Strategy, overcoming weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities. Gaining brand recognition through the partnership with Pepsi Beverage Co. also improving their logistics specifically their product distribution. ST Strategy, use of strengths to avoid threats. utilise the experience and product knowledge to successfully compete with any new competition entering the market. These are the TOWS analysis building strategies .Brand Positioning strategy, We currently have a benefits positioning strategy. Our product gives consumers a better way to quickly recuperate after a tough workout. For example, while working out, boozing muscle milk helps promote nutrients in your body to gain energy. Another benefit for the consumers are since we tar get hold of mainly body builders, They have to maintain a healthy diet to stay in good shape, muscle milk have all the proteins and vitamins for the body needs, and consumers can replace their meal by drunkenness muscle milk.Product Branding strategy, Muscle Milk is a co-brand product with Cytosport. Both companies work in concert to make this product the best for our consumers. Line Extensions, we have already made several changes to the formula to manufacture a variety of RTD protein shakes such as Muscle Milk light and diet Muscle Milk. For the determine strategy, we reviewed the category performance and competitive items using Safeway SmartTraks, risk reports and the bump chart to show the price esthesia for Muscle Milk and the competitive items.We then provided Safeway with an in depth data analysis which included a price market survey for all nine Safeway divisions versus the competi- tion for the entire category to allow them to evaluate and meet a strategy change for sports nutrition in their stores on a national basis. Our strategy was to collide with Muscle Milk from a high-low promotional program to an everyday low cost program. In tack to do this, we needed to approach CytoSport to present our findings and see if they would be interested in providing funding establish on our analysis that at a lower retail price, they would see an increase in product move- ment.This process also involved providing Safeway with projections to show them that the increased unit and dollar sales at a reduced retail price would increase their overall adjusted gross margins. With the VP of Sales at CytoSport we successfully developed and presented a plan to Safeway where CytoSport would provide the incremental funding and Safeway would reduce their margins in order to operate Muscle Milks retail price down. The Distribution strategy, we will reduce the cost of production, exaltation and other costs associated in the process by creating a partnership with Pepsi.On the Marketing colloquy strategy, we used Shaq as an advertisement and created a limited edition bottle. Goal of this strategy Muscle Milk is not only a good source for protein for your workouts, it can now make you feel like Shaquille ONeal. We plan on using this strategy in the future with other athletes such as Brandon Roy, Ryan Hall, and etc. (Promo Magazine 2009). Since college sports are very popular we started creating limited-edition bottles themed after some of the most famous college football teams such as Georgia Tech, University of Miami, UCLA and etc.For example in UCLA wee created a bottle just for the theme of their football team using the colors of their school which are gold and blue. The 7,500 bottles produced are expect to be on shelves in November (Promo Magazines 2009). Creating value, We plan on improving our website so that we have a premium buyers page where you can get your product shipped faster the more you buy. Our partnership with Pepsi Co. makes this possible. These preferred will also be receiving special offers, such as if they pay their account balances within 15 days they get a 2% discount.Value proposition, Cytosport will provide quality product to its customers at low prices, Establish good customer relationship and loyalty, In turn maintain and/or increase the market share, and square consumer needs with superior quality products, efficacy and reliability.Reference Quiton. B. (2009). Muscle Milk Energizer with Shaq. Promo Magazine, retrieved from http//promomagazine. com/news/muscle-milk-energizes-shaq-0114/ Odell. P. (2010). Muscle milk Debut college Theme bottles.Promo Magazine, retrieved from http//pro momagazine. com/news/muscle-milk-debuts-bottles-0928/ All Business (2008). Retrieved from http//www. allbusiness. com/marketing-advertising/marketing-techniques/12590370-1. html Bloomberg Business Week (2008). Retrieved from http//investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/private/snapshot. asp? privcapId=6925027 Livestrong (2010). Retrieved from http//www. livestrong. com/article/123243-side-effects-muscle-milk/ CytoSport (2010). Retrieved from http//www. cytosport. com/.