Challenging Conventional Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Challenging Conventional Leadership - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that in the era of a knowledge-based economy, extensive human resources can help an organization attain significant competitive advantage and the same has been recognized by the elites of the organizations. In the meanwhile, empowerment is highly recommended as a tactic to foster employee commitment towards the organization thereby implementing changes. Such is the trait of unconventional leaders. They tend to empower rather than instruct. This suggests that enhancing an organization’s leadership capability which in turn fosters organizational commitments becomes the focal point of change management in an organization. Empirical literatures have suggested that, organizations require a modern leadership style at a time when the organization itself is going through a turbulent phase. In such a context the new leadership style has been deemed appropriate by many researchers.This paper highlights that  conventional leadership style gives more sta bility to the organization. This is precisely because they tend to go by the book and their leadership style is not reckless in nature. However, many a times it has been seen that a conventional leaders tend to overlook innovation. They are more likely to encourage activity, action and work rather than encouraging innovation, ideas and fun.  The topic as to which leadership style is more appropriate has been largely debated by many researchers throughout the world, yet a rigid conclusion has never been reached.

Song Modern Western Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Song Modern Western Philosophy Essay Your ideas are discrete autonomous and have grown with time. Long reign Geertz influential notion and thick description to the right of virtue ethics Your pursuit for a 21st century, commonly known as the Geertzian mechanics Geertz semiotic notion of culture improves the context-sensitive theory Your exploration to moral identity has a significant methodological relation This has an importance reference to historicism and cultural materialism (Cefalu, 89) Chorus *3 References Cefalu, Paul.Moral Identity in Early Modern English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print. Source document

Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity

Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity The purpose of this literature review is to study and critique a number of academic articles and scholarly literatures in the area of self-leadership and specifically its influence on creativity. With the promising growth of human resource practice, concepts such as self-leadership and creativity become indispensable parts of the HRM framework. Upon careful assessment of the different contributors and impact of self-leadership, subsequent recommendations for future research and implications for contemporary human resource practice will be devised upon the findings of this literature review. Research Methods In locating the relevant literature materials, various popular management databases such Ebsco, ProQuest and Infotrac were consulted. They keywords used in facilitating the search include self-leadership, creativity, self-motivation, employee influence and contemporary human resource management. The result of the bundle of literature includes case studies, empirical research (both qualitative and quantitative) and scholarly journal articles. A diversity of literature and scholarly articles were chosen in attempt to obtain an overall understanding of the chosen topics of self-leadership and creativity. An analysis and understanding of these academic literatures will be addressed subsequently. Self-leadership and Creativity An emerging area in contemporary human resource practice is self-leadership. A succinct yet meaningful definition of self-leadership is known as the process of influence to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform (Manz, 1986, p.585). Furthermore, an empirical study conducted by Houghton et al (2004) illustrated that employees who are high in self-leadership are more likely to have higher innovation and creativity potential than employees who are low in self-leadership. Pursuing further, Beer and Walton (1987) emphasised a new set of assumptions in shaping their meaning of contemporary human resource management as the Proactive system-wide intervention, with emphasis on fit linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change. In contemporary human resource practice, self-leadership and creativity marry at a point when effective self-leadership influences the creation of motivation and a self-bettering learning culture that will support the behaviours required for success. Such self-bettering learning culture serves its optimum purpose when it is transferred across the entire organisation. The shaping of an organisations culture is analogous to fertilising the soil for seed planting crops. Organisations with supportive cultures and positive attitudes in self-leadership tend to empower employees motivations and job satisfaction. Findings It is important to the note that the findings of these scholarly articles vary in variables and a number of other constraints in their own merits. However, for the purpose of this literature review, these findings will be discussed as a collective finding in self-leadership and creativity and contemporary human resource management. First of all, it is worthy to note that the findings in Houghton et al (2004) paper are predominantly based on correlations between self-leadership and the potential of creativity and not the actual level of creativity. With due respect, it is understandable that there are many variables affecting the practice of creativity such as supervisory styles (Ford, 1996) and the work environment (Amabile, 1997). Other literatures have suggested that employees with high levels of self-leadership tend to have an internal locus of control (Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin, 1993). This means that these employees believed that they have a fairly high level of control over the outcome of results. On the other hand, employees with an external locus of control believed that they have very little or no control over the results or outcome of a matter and therefore may not try as hard as the internal locus of control employees. This is a significant piece of information towards the study of contemporary hum an resource practice because through understanding the different types of employees belief, the organization can provide training tailored to individual employees to suit their learning styles most effectively. For instance, employees with internal locus of control, self-leadership and therefore, a high degree of creativity would be a valuable group of human resource to the organization as they would be most likely to strive and produce innovative results. Owing to their high level of self-leadership, they would be influencing themselves to motivate and perform towards their set career goals. In addition, it is fascinating to note that in the theory of cross-cultural self-leadership, Houghton et al (2004) had referenced the work of Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010) and contends that cultural biases (ethnocentrism) would significantly impugn on the integrity of collection of empirical data. As a result, Houghton et al (2004) had conducted the empirical data of self-leadership quantities research to encompass team members from different races. The conclusion of the findings is that self-leadership is a self-influence concept and does not usually transcend across cultures. However, Houghton et al (2004) remarked that one should take into account that the western self-leadership concept should be conveyed and explained to the Asian culture to gain unanimous understanding and a more controlled environment of collecting empirical data. In the research conducted by Ford (1996), different types of supervisory styles were observed. Out of the array of styles, the more prominent one is the comparison of transactional leadership and transformational or charismatic leadership with respect to their impact on creativity. It is interesting to find that transformational supervisors with a vision and/or charisma to motivate employees would often draw their inner potential out and as a result, fulfil self-motivation. This inherent cause and effect proposition coincides with the positive correlation between self-leadership and creativity. It is reasonable to posit that this is due to the fact that when employees are motivated and entrusted with leadership roles, where they can foresee a positive future with the organisation, the likelihood is that they feel a sense of security and association, thus identify themselves with the organisation. These suggestion made by Ford (1996) are aligned with the literature on the hierarchy of needs conducted by Maslow and Frager (1987), that people in general would demand social recognition and a sense of belonging in their workplace. Quality of literature The overall presentation and language used amongst these literatures vary greatly. Despite their prominent stance in the human resource management evolution, some of the older papers (i.e. Beer and Walton, 1987; Amabile, 1997) are seen to be using more archaic language and antiquated grammar in presenting their findings. For instance, in the work by Beer and Walton (1987), words such as societal wellbeing and personnel or people management were often used. It is worthy to note that these terminologies have long been compromised by words such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management respectively. Implications for Future Research Williams (1997) has suggested that future research should identify the correlation between how different types of personality characteristics affects the level of self-leadership. Drawing upon Williams suggestion, future research could further benefit from focusing specifically on personality characteristics such as general self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control and self-monitoring. Due to the growing importance of self-leadership in the HRM arena, future research can also gain advantage from finding correlations between different personality traits and self-leadership. For instance, through the usage of the Myers-Briggs personality traits test as a part of the initial assessment in the early stages of recruitment process. In addition, through the engagement of HRM professionals, the process of short listing the candidates that are most suitable to the desirable culture of the organization can be achieved. Another practical implication of this new correlation research would be useful for companies who are particularly trying to prevent any increase in employee turnover rate and sunk costs in relation to training and retaining potential leaders. It is also helpful for companies to predict the level of self-leadership in the early stage of human resource management by selecting candidates with the desirable personality traits. This will in turn lower the cost of human resource selection and future training and development investments. Furthermore, by selecting candidates with high self-leadership it indicates that these potential employees are more likely to utilize their creativity (as discussed above), contributing to the overall innovative culture of the company. Summary In summary, the overall quality of the chosen literatures is of exceptionally high standards. In spite of the origin of majority of these articles being from the United States, there is in fact a high coherence of applicability in the Australian workplace. As uncovered by these literatures, there are many benefits of the inter-twined qualities of self-leadership and creativity to the productivity and growth of an organisation. However, it is strongly proposed that future research can build upon these existing findings to add value in the area of contemporary human resource management by filing in the gap from findings of the above-discussed literatures.

It’s Time to Remove Cameras from the Courtroom :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time to Remove Cameras from the Courtroom   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is Judy still keeping audiences entertained by giving the court system a new attitude? Will court systems ever get back its dignity? Not as long as the cameras still role. Cameras in the courtroom have been very beneficial in certain cases, but it has caused a lot of harm. The human race has taken the solemnness of these meetings, and has changed it to a form of entertainment only clowns would be involved with. The public is so involved with this newfound form of fun, that they don't realize the actual damage that it is causing in the judicial system as well as human life. I feel that even though cameras are a very innovative way to educate people about unknown situations, they need not be in courtrooms involved with high profile cases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest trial of the century has been said to have been the O.J. Simpson trial. People flocked to their favorite public places to be with friends so they could watch the trial together. Some even gave up sleep so to get as much information about the case as possible. The Simpson trial seemed to be a lot more popular for entertainment than watching movies or even the watching the Super Bowl. In Time magazine, journalist Jill Smolowe, quoted Don Hewitt, executive producer of 60 Minutes, about the atrocity of making trials a spectator sport. Hewitt said, "I don't like the idea that a murder trial has been turned into an entertainment special. There are certain moments in American life that have certain dignity" (38). The judicial system is a very complex system and deserves the respect and dignity that is required. It needs to be taken seriously. The public has no right to make it into a game. This is a serious process of bringing criminals to justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people say that by watching the court system in action, what once was very unknown and unfamiliar, has now become familiar and useful in helping people become more knowledgeable of what happens inside courtrooms. Most people have not been in a courtrooms and only have the perspective that T.V. gives to them. Now they are able to see what really goes on and now can better understand and relate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sure having court proceedings on T.V. can help us really understand and become educated about them.

Introduction to Communication Skills Essay

Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And it’s a process that can be fraught with error, with messages often misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isn’t detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you convey do not necessarily reflect your own, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals – both personally and professionally. In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50,000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburgh’s Katz Business School, points out that communication skills, including written and oral presentations, as well as an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success. In spite of the increasing importance placed on communication skills, many individuals continue to struggle with this, unable to communicate their thoughts and ideas effectively – whether in verbal or written format. This inability makes it nearly impossible for them to compete effectively in the workplace, and stands in the way of career progression. Getting your message across is paramount to progressing. To do this, you must understand what your message is, what audience you are sending it to, and how it will be perceived. You must also weigh-in the circumstances surrounding your communications, such as situational and cultural context.

English Law Report

Introduction In UK there are three main sources of English law, Legislation (Statue Law), Common Law (Judge-made Law) and the European Communities law. Pg 41, Longshaw, (2002) The purpose of this report is to explain the basis of Common made Law and also to explain duty of care, negligence, trespass, and consent. I will also look at how specific legislations instruct health care practitioners as to their legal responsibilities. Statute Law Legislation however, is probably the most important source of law in the UK. Legislation developed later than common law as a major source of law.It is made by Parliament, i. e. the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch and they can make or unmake any law. Proposals for legislation (‘Bills') are presented to debate by and voted upon by the House of Common and the House of Lords, finally receiving the assent of the Monarch and thus becoming Acts (Statutes) of Parliament. Common Law Common law forms a major part of England's law. It covers common crimes that happen on a day to day basis and have always existed such as rape, assault, murder and theft.It is created and refined by judges: a decision in a currently pending legal case depends on decisions in previous cases and affects how the law is applied in future cases. Common law evolves with time and the sentencing for various crimes can be made harsher or softer. It uses the idea of precedence so that punishments that have been passed before in similar crimes can be used to determine the punishment for a similar crime. When there is no authoritative statement of the law, judges have the authority and duty to make law by creating precedent. Jokinen, 2009) A precedence of common law is set down by Lord Atkins through the Donaghue vs. Stevenson case. There are two types of precedents: binding precedents (a past decision which is binding – the legal point of the earlier case is identical or sufficiently similar to the present one and the decision was r endered by a higher court) or persuasive precedents (which the court may consider but is not bound to follow) Sources of persuasive precedent may also be the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the European Court of Human Rights or courts of countries which also apply the common law.Duty of Care In English law an individual is owed a duty of care by another, to ensure that they do not suffer unreasonable harm or loss. This definition of duty of care known today came from Lord Atkin and the ‘Neighbour Principle' that came from the judgment on the Donaghue vs. Stevenson case in 1932. The Donaghue verses Stevenson is the case of Mrs Donaghue claiming damages from gastroenteritis after drinking a bottle of ginger beer and finding a decomposing snail in it. She was claiming damages against Mr. Stevenson the manufactures of the ginger beer.When this case first came to court neither Scottish law nor British common law saw duty of care in regards to someone remotely connected. Lo rd Atkins changed things by saying everyone has a duty of care to their neighbour here is a quote of what the legal definition of a neighbour should be. â€Å"The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour; and the lawyer's question â€Å"Who is my neighbour? † receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee and would be likely to injure your neighbour.Who then in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question. † (Lord Atkins, 1932) When this duty of care is not acted upon this s called negligence. Negligence Negligence is a tort law, which establishes legal liability for careless actions or inaction which causes injury.Therefore negligence is not concerned with the action or inaction, but with the manner in which the action or inaction is carried out. Negligent conduct is that which falls below an acceptable standard, this standard has been established in order to protect others from an unreasonable risk of harm. Not every type of carelessness is defined as legal negligence. There are four elements that need to be proved for an action or inaction to be defined as legal negligence this are; duty, breach, causation and damage.The â€Å"ABC† rule has to be met before negligence can be. A is that there has to be a duty of care between the health care practitioner and the patient. B is that the actions of the health care practitioner fell short of the duty of care identified in A. And C is that this action leads to damages occurring. Negligence is a part of Tort law. Trespass Trespass to the person in a medical setting could be a doctor or nurse carrying out a procedure without the consent of the patient; however this is not always the case.In some cases doctors can perform emergency procedures to save a patient's life without their consent this is sometimes because the patient is too ill to consent or there is a complication while another procedure is taking place. An example of trespass to the body in a medical setting is the case of Bartley v Studd. This case is about John Studd removing Mrs Bartley's ovaries while doing a hysterectomy without her consent. (Garner, 1997). In the case of trespass, it does not have to be proved that any harm has occurred to the patient, which could have been the case in the above situation.However, if the patient could prove that they would not have agreed to the procedure having known the risks beforehand and they can prove that they have suffered harm as a result, then they could succeed in a case of negligence against the nurse (Dimond 2003). Role and codes of practice Legislation, also known as Acts of Parliament or Statutes, is the commonest source of new law in the United Kingdom and is of great relevance to health, care ; social workers. There is another form of law known as Case Law -essentially ‘judge-made law'.This is often referred to as Common law, developed by individual judicial decisions. Where a legal issue has been decided by a judge or judges in a superior court, lower courts are bound to follow this decision in subsequent cases. In other words when a senior judge has made a decision about case, other judges abide by this decision (called a precedent). Most law was made this way up until the 17th century but more recent legislation is nearly all created by Acts of Parliament, referred to as Primary Legislation.The role of the judges is still important though, as they play a part in law-making by interpreting Acts of Parliament and their rulings may become law, as in the case of Regulations. Both the Acts and their relevant Regulations are law. Regulations and guidelines Regulations, guidance and procedures along wi th various codes of practice produced by the relevant professional bodies: the Nursing ; Midwifery Council (NMC) for Nurses and Midwifes, recommend what is considered to be good practice on a day-to-day basis for professionals.This means in effect that the professional has a defence against claims of malpractice or negligence if s/he has followed the authorised guidance and regulations. However the converse also applies. If a professional has not followed accepted guidance or procedure and a client or patient has suffered harm as a result of the professional's actions, the professional may be personally found guilty of negligence. Trespass and Consent Common law has protected the personal and bodily interests of the individual through the law of trespass.When a patient undergoes treatment, it is the provision of consent that prevents the doctor from being held liable for a battery or for negligence. The essential elements to a valid consent can be summed up as follows: a) the patien t must have sufficient understanding, otherwise known as the mental capacity to make the decision, b) the patient must consent (or refuse) the treatment of his own free will, with no duress or undue influence, and c) the patient must have been given sufficient information about the proposed treatment. 1 patient is capable of making such decisions, his consent or refusal will be valid.In practice it can be seen that a patient who is very unsteady on their feet is at high risk of falling and it can be reasonably foreseeable that the patient could fall. In this situation, the nurse should take appropriate action to try and prevent the patient falling, and this falls within the duty of care that the nurse owes the patient. The nurse could communicate with other staff about the patient's mobility and also put interventions in place to help prevent the patient falling. However, if the nurse was to ignore this reasonably foreseeable event and the patient did fall, the nurse would be in bre ach of her duty and could be negligent.For an act of negligence to be established, it must first be determined that there is a duty of care owed. The Bolam test may be one way of establishing negligence in this case as other nurses in the same field may be asked what actions they would have taken in this situation. Conclusion. In this report we see that everyday practice professionals need to always refer to legislation directly – agencies that employ health and care workers, such as the NHS and Social Services Departments, will usually have produced documents that detail policy and procedure, designed to help them act in accordance with the law.In conclusion this report also gives us a slight insight into the English Law within the legal system today. Bibliography Bradney, F. C. (200). English Legal System in Context (2nd ed. ). London: Reed Elsevier Ltd. Curzon, L. (2002). Dictionary of Law (6th ed. ). Essex: Pearson Education Ltd. Fleming, J. G. (1998). The Law of Torts (9 th ed. ). Sydney: LBC Information Services. Garner, C. (1997, September 27). Doctor who removed patient's ovaries without her consent found guilty of misconduct. Retrieved Feb 13, 2013, from The Independent: http://www. ndependent. co. uk/news/doctor-who-removed-patients-ovaries-without-her-consent-found-guilty-of-misconduct-1241322. html Gibbins, J. M. (2003). Complete A-Z Law Handbook (3rd ed. ). London: Hodder and Stoughton Educational. Holdsworth, M. (2006). Introduction to the English Legal System. citizED Citizenship and Teacher Education. Jokinen, A. (2009, April 13). Common Law. Retrieved November 7, 2010, from Luminarium: http://www. luminarium. org/encyclopedia/commonlaw. htm Lewis, J. P. (2008, November 11). Teenager who won right to die: ‘I have had oo much trauma'. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from Guardian: http://www. guardian. co. uk/society/2008/nov/11/child-protection-health-hannah-jones Lord Atkins, L. B. -P. (1932). Donoghue verses Stevenson. Retrieved from Scottish Council of Law Reporting: Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http://www. scottishlawreports. org. uk/resources/dvs/page-images/pages/Lord-Atkin-Page-2. html Mary Charman, J. M. (2004). Law AS & A2. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Quinn, C. E. (2006). AS Law (3rd ed. ). Essex: Pearsin Education Ltd. Pg 41, Longshaw, A & Hughes, M W200: Understanding Law – Manual 1 (6th Edition), (2002), Oxford University Press, Oxford). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Slapper G. and Kelly D. The English Legal System (5th Edition), (2001) Cavendish Publishing Ltd, London. 2. Longshaw, A & Hughes, M W200: Understanding Law – Manual 1 (6th Edition), (2002), Oxford University Press, Oxford). 3. Penner J. E. Law Dictionary (12th Eidtion), (2001) Butterworths, London). 4. http://www. lawcampus. butterworths. com/log_in. htm 5. http://athens. butterworths. co. uk/athenslogin/FormsLogin. asp? /athenslogin/buttlogin. htm

No Escape essays

No Escape essays No Escape Don't leave the hashish lying around. That's the mistake three American buddies make in Malaysia, on the very day that two of them, Sheriff (Vince Vaughn) and Tony (David Conrad) head back to the States. It started out as a vacation to paradise, Malaysia. Three buddies thought this to be the trip of a lifetime, great women and great marijuana they would always say. However the small mistake they make winds up costing one friend his life. Sheriff, Tony, and Lewis rented a bike from a local merchant one morning. Cruising down a dirt path they almost collide with an incoming truck and the three of them wind up falling off the bike, crippling it in the act. Lewis knows that they must bring back the bike to the merchant, but Sheriff takes it upon himself to throw the bike into the woods since it is broken anyway. This scene is the beginning of their downfall. It doesnt seem like a big deal at all, no one will find out; Sheriff and head back to the states, and Lewis is staying to rescue orangutans from captivity. The movie then jumps to a scene in New York City two years later, where Sheriff is now a limousine driver. The guy Lewis (Joaquin Phoenix) who is left behind gets busted for drug trafficking since the Malaysian police find more than 1.3 grams of marijuana in his possession. This all happened because the merchant reported his bike stolen which was traced back to Lewis who was the only one of the three left on the island. The police searched his cabana looking for the missing bike but located a stash of hashish instead. Lewis was the only one who could be charged since Tony and Sheriff had returned to the states and he was put in a third world hellhole where he had been rotting away for two years. After two years Lewis state of sanity and physical condition has severely deteriorated. He is going to be executed unless the two other men return to Malaysia and do ...

Income increased To Budget Essays

Income increased To Budget Essays Income increased To Budget Essay Income increased To Budget Essay A budget provides a business with a good outlook and structure for future plans Income represents a key area of budgeting as without income there is no money to work with in the future. Sometimes it is necessary to increase the amount of income that is available to budget with. This can be dome by selling more products or raising prices. If costs are higher than expected then and income is not increased then profits might be affected. A business with an adequate budget, which it does not exceed , should be able to pay its expenses and keep trading. Any excess money that is left over can be kept and used in unexpected situations. This is known as a CONTINGENCY FUND Bidding to Increase Future Resources Sometimes businesses realise that they do not have enough money available in their budgets to, for example, expand or buy new equipment. Therefore they may chose to bid for additional funding through a capital grant of ask others to invest in the business This means that the business owners get the use of the money invested and in return offers a percentage stake in the business. A Private Limited of Public Limited Company may chose to do this by offering shares. Other businesses raise money in different ways. They may get a bank loan or may try to raise finance by getting a grant. Grants can be given to businesses by national or local government agencies for many different reasons. These include where the business is located, how big the business is, or if the business is an industry that has problems. The most common organisations to receive grants are in farming, manufacturing or tourism. Provision of Appropriate Reserves to Address Emergencies/Crisis Businesses have to make sure that they keep some money back at the end of each month in case an emergency should happen. This ensures that if they do have problems, such as an unexpected expense, or there is a downturn in the market they have enough funds to continue in business. Some accountants recommend that reserves should be maintained which allow the business to continue for at least 3 months in the event of emergency. It is also important for businesses to have some reserves in the early stages of the business as it may be difficult to make accurate budget predictions and costs. Expenses may be higher than planned and income may be less. An emergency budget will allow the business to continue to trade. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS The break-even point is the level of output at which a business covers its total costs. In other words where total cost = total revenue. Anything produced sold above this point is profit, anything below is loss. THE PURPOSE OF BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS * Estimate the future level of output they will need to produce and sell in order to break-even or achieve a profit target * Explore what if scenarios e.g. assess the likely impact of price changes upon the level of output needed to break even OR assess how changes in fixed and/or variable costs may affect the level of output necessary to break even * Support applications for loans from banks and other financial institutions the use of the technique may indicate good business sense as well as providing profit forecasts. CALCULATING BREAK-EVEN POINT USING CONTRIBUTION Calculating the break-even point for a product requires: * the selling price of the product * its fixed costs * its variable costs per unit. The break-even output level can be calculated by the formula: Fixed Costs BEP = Contribution (selling price variable cost per unit) Contribution is the difference between revenue and variable costs. It is used to pay fixed costs and to provide profits. EXAMPLE A firm selling tennis rackets has fixed costs of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 and each racket costs them à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 to produce. The retail price of the rackets is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30. How many rackets does the firm have to sell to break-even? à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 BEP = = = 100 rackets (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 TASK ONE Armstrong Ltd manufactures computer desks in a small business unit, which it rents from the local council. The rent is currently à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400 per month and other fixed costs add up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 per month. The desks are sold to computer retailers at a standard price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½60. Production is organised between five staff and the variable production costs are à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35 per desk. Calculate how many desks Armstrong Ltd would have to make in a month in order to break even. CALCULATING BREAK-EVEN POINT USING TC AND TR Another way of calculating the break-even point is to use the total costs and total revenue equation. In the case of the above example: Total costs = fixed costs + variable costs Or TC = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 + à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20Q And Total revenue = price x quantity sold Or TR = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30Q Where Q is the quantity produced and sold. A firm will break-even where total cost is equal to total revenue. Therefore we can write: TC = TR à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 + à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20Q = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30Q To find Q we can calculate: 1,000 = 30Q 20Q 1,000 = 10Q 1,000 = Q 10 100 = Q TASK TWO Using the same scenario as before, calculate the break-even point for Armstrong Ltd using the total costs and total revenue equation.

Brave New World Diction Essay

† In chapter 3 of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, many things are revealed about hot the society in this novel functions. It shows more about the work that the people do and how the society functions. Huxley uses repetition and descriptive diction to provide a deeper look into the society that is shown in this passage. In one paragraph, one specific word helps to clarify the meaning of the repetition of the word â€Å"whisk†. While talking about history, the Controller states that â€Å"History is bunk† to the students. In context, bunk is taken to mean nonsense, or unimportant. It serves the authors purpose by revealing more about the society in this passage. History is irrelevant to the alphas. The word â€Å"bunk† further helps to explain the diction in the next paragraph of this passage. The word â€Å"whisk† is repeated twelve times in one paragraph. It is used to describe how easily history is wiped away and forgotten. It even shows that music and feelings such as passion are gone. The repetition of the word â€Å"whisk† is fundamental in illustrating how insignificant the past is to this society. The authors use of descriptive diction gives further insight about this society. The author uses words and phrases such as â€Å"tactual†, â€Å"Embryo Store†, and â€Å"Psychology Bureau† among many others. This is significant because it illustrates how technologically advanced the society in this passage is. This passage reveals that society has completely disregarded history and advanced in the scientific field. The author uses the word â€Å"forbidden† to describe poetry books and religious books such as the Bible. This further develops the society as a society where feelings evoked by poetry and religious faith are frowned upon. As this passage demonstrates, history and literature have been removed from this society. History and literature are subjects that connect people, and tie them together, but without them, this passage shows that this society is very advanced in the field of science. This society is clearly appalled by life led by their ancestors. They have effectively gotten rid of history, and any feeling that helps them make lasting connections to other people. Through the use of descriptive diction, the authors purpose of providing insight into this society is fully accomplished. The diction in this passage illustrates how dynamic the society in this novel is. This society revolves around science, and wants nothing to do with the past. This passage provides very important insight into how this society functions, and the structure of the society. The author successfully achieves his purpose through the use of repetition and expressive diction. Brave New World Diction Essay † In chapter 3 of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, many things are revealed about hot the society in this novel functions. It shows more about the work that the people do and how the society functions. Huxley uses repetition and descriptive diction to provide a deeper look into the society that is shown in this passage. In one paragraph, one specific word helps to clarify the meaning of the repetition of the word â€Å"whisk†. While talking about history, the Controller states that â€Å"History is bunk† to the students. In context, bunk is taken to mean nonsense, or unimportant. It serves the authors purpose by revealing more about the society in this passage. History is irrelevant to the alphas. The word â€Å"bunk† further helps to explain the diction in the next paragraph of this passage. The word â€Å"whisk† is repeated twelve times in one paragraph. It is used to describe how easily history is wiped away and forgotten. It even shows that music and feelings such as passion are gone. The repetition of the word â€Å"whisk† is fundamental in illustrating how insignificant the past is to this society. The authors use of descriptive diction gives further insight about this society. The author uses words and phrases such as â€Å"tactual†, â€Å"Embryo Store†, and â€Å"Psychology Bureau† among many others. This is significant because it illustrates how technologically advanced the society in this passage is. This passage reveals that society has completely disregarded history and advanced in the scientific field. The author uses the word â€Å"forbidden† to describe poetry books and religious books such as the Bible. This further develops the society as a society where feelings evoked by poetry and religious faith are frowned upon. As this passage demonstrates, history and literature have been removed from this society. History and literature are subjects that connect people, and tie them together, but without them, this passage shows that this society is very advanced in the field of science. This society is clearly appalled by life led by their ancestors. They have effectively gotten rid of history, and any feeling that helps them make lasting connections to other people. Through the use of descriptive diction, the authors purpose of providing insight into this society is fully accomplished. The diction in this passage illustrates how dynamic the society in this novel is. This society revolves around science, and wants nothing to do with the past. This passage provides very important insight into how this society functions, and the structure of the society. The author successfully achieves his purpose through the use of repetition and expressive diction.

Business proposal(reserch) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business proposal(reserch) - Essay Example (Abercrombie & Fitch, 2007) A&F clothing are manufactured in different countries all over the world including El Salvador, Indonesia, Peru and Thailand among others. (Pascal, n.d.) By subcontracting the production of clothing in Asia and other third world countries, the company is able to save more money at the expense of low-paid labours. The difference between the high selling price and the cost of clothing per unit makes the high profitability of the company. Considering that the brand name A&F sells on its own, the company saves a lot of money from the need to invest on expensive external advertising. A&F products are delivered straight to the consumers via branded retail stores, catalogs, and on-line networks. (Abercrombie & Fitch, 2007) As of June 2007, the company operates 355 A&F stores, 182 Abercrombie stores, 409 Hollister Co. stores, and 17 RUEHL stores selling young adult clothing all over the United States. Six of these stores are located in Canada. (PR Newswire, 2007) A&F has recently opened stores in Savile Row, London and expanded its store outlets in North America in Edmonton, Alberta, and Canada. (Earnest, 1999) For kids clothing, the company has opened a total of 175 stores to serve customers between ages seven to 14 years old. In June 2007, as part of A&F global expansion, the company announced its plan to expand its retail store throughout Europe particularly in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Denmark, and Sweden. An Australian retailer Harvey Norman opens a store in Ireland. (Callanan, 2005) In line with store expansion, A&F invests on Oracle system to enhance the efficiency of its supply chain network across more than 950 stores. (Friedlos, 2007) A&F outsource the manufacturing of its products offshore by entering into a contract with MAGIC. (Sourcing at MAGIC, 2007) Through MAGIC, A&F place the order by bulk in order to maximize the

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Project - Essay Example Furthermore, the survey was to gather the expectations of the consumers. The aim of this research is to find out the necessary features a given company’s website needs to have in order to meet its objectives. The choice of this project was because websites are essential in marketing products and providing information to clients and potential employees. However, in some cases the improper presentation of a business websites makes it fail in aiding the business achieves its objectives. This paper informs both the potential business owners and the current business owners of the essentials of a company’s website. Because the success of any business depends on meeting the customers expectation using the use of consumers as variables will bring about informed decisions. For illustration, the given company might realize what additional services their clients would need. Therefore, the rationale for this paper is to provide the essential information required for any business website. In addition, perform an informative role of the functions of various sections of a business website through comparing the website of Saudi Aramco and Marathon Petroleum Corporation. Give reasons your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Please explain your answer

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's Research Paper

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's release from prison - Research Paper Example Such person who has propensity of committing crimes after release from prison is a recidivist. Different jurisdictions have different laws, definitions and coverage on what recidivism should be but they are more or less similar. Since prisoner rehabilitation is part of the program of reforming the convict, the government has to devise strategies in order to avert recidivism among ex-prisoners. Correctional officers and staff though must function according to the goals of reducing recidivism. Tewksbury and Demichele (2003) said that prison personnel generally view that the correctional process is more on â€Å"incapacitation, deterrence and retribution† (p. 4). Implementers should revisit the support given to the program since it generally varies at according to time and place (Tewksbury & Demichele, 2003). It was posited that such variation may be attributed to the substantially fast turnover rate of 20 to 50 percent, which means that many are new to the job, or that the priso n system are hiring lesser personnel (Tewksbury & Demichele, 2003). ... With the ballooning recidivism, it was suggested to better leave out abstract values in mission statements and instead focus more on end-goals of the operation. This paper will show that socially and humanitarian based interventions in the prison system will lessen the propensity of a released prisoner toward recidivism. Medical Care One of the concerns that a person encounters upon entering prison is the lack of freedom to seek the health care provider one desires. The condition inside prison cells, such as congested spaces, limited movement, mixture of cultures, etc. might have a toll upon the mental and physical health of an inmate. Thus, adequate health service must be provided inside the prison so that the health of the prisoner can be adequately managed. The Bureau of Prisons provide four levels of medical care to which inmates are assigned by the Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC) based on the information gathered from the investigation report (Ellis, 2008). Up on arrival at the facility, the provisional care for the inmate is reviewed by the prison clinicians (Ellis, 2008). Non-provisional care is assigned depending on the needs of the inmate, which takes into consideration the ability to function without assistance from another (Ellis, 2008). Provision of medical care to inmates also varies depending sentence or status of the case. Thus, inmates whose sentence has not been read, those with sentence below 12 months, or pre-trial inmates are not eligible to â€Å"medically appropriate-not always necessary† health service, â€Å"limited medical value,† as well as â€Å"extraordinary† service (Ellis, 2008, p. 44). Some categories of illnesses such as cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc. may also

Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward novel - Essay Example In a careful analysis of the novel, it becomes lucid that Bellamy's bipolar society is partially organized by scientific-technical reason and partially devoted to the pensively rational pursuit of freedom and individuality. Therefore, the author makes use of scientific-technical means to solve the social problem of scarcity through high levels of political centralization and a willingness to assimilate the machine culture. Thus, Looking Backward is one of the best known films of this sub-genre and arguably the best in terms of literary merit and wholeness of conception and vision. In the novel, Bellamy's society is bipolar in nature as it incorporates scientific-technical reason although it is devoted to the pensively rational pursuit of freedom and individuality. However, this scientific-technological advance has not come to pass by 2009, even in modified form, as either socialism or capitalism does not give room for this bipolarity in the 20th Century. Bellamy's concept that such a society would result with high levels of political centralization and a willingness to 'fit in' with the machine culture proved to be wrong. The main reason for the lack of this scientific-technological solution is that Bellamy's society is bipola

Identify the level of accessibility in three universities websites in Article

Identify the level of accessibility in three universities websites in the UK - Article Example However, if any unfortunate incident happening comes up, the friendliness of the web pages assures the provision of urgent help. Hence, these websites are highly accessible to all kinds of students. The best thing about these websites is that they all have pages with links to the home page or the main content which makes them friendly towards blind people or students with problems related to eye sight. Furthermore, there are headlined links as well as options to increase font sizes on the main page that are a great help. Taking the websites of universities in the UK in terms of risk management, there seems to be a good arrangement for all kinds of students. Keeping the students away from all possible problems, the websites well portray the level of universities that the UK boasts. Legal and Ethical Issues: Application of good ethical standards is what ultimately reflects the institution or business of which a particular website is. In order to depict the best possible image, all inst itutes and businesses tend to have websites designed, as perfectly as possible. No matter how much the world advances towards casual and tends to portray them as new trends, ethical standards and legality has and will always remain above everything else.

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's Research Paper

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmate's release from prison - Research Paper Example Such person who has propensity of committing crimes after release from prison is a recidivist. Different jurisdictions have different laws, definitions and coverage on what recidivism should be but they are more or less similar. Since prisoner rehabilitation is part of the program of reforming the convict, the government has to devise strategies in order to avert recidivism among ex-prisoners. Correctional officers and staff though must function according to the goals of reducing recidivism. Tewksbury and Demichele (2003) said that prison personnel generally view that the correctional process is more on â€Å"incapacitation, deterrence and retribution† (p. 4). Implementers should revisit the support given to the program since it generally varies at according to time and place (Tewksbury & Demichele, 2003). It was posited that such variation may be attributed to the substantially fast turnover rate of 20 to 50 percent, which means that many are new to the job, or that the priso n system are hiring lesser personnel (Tewksbury & Demichele, 2003). ... With the ballooning recidivism, it was suggested to better leave out abstract values in mission statements and instead focus more on end-goals of the operation. This paper will show that socially and humanitarian based interventions in the prison system will lessen the propensity of a released prisoner toward recidivism. Medical Care One of the concerns that a person encounters upon entering prison is the lack of freedom to seek the health care provider one desires. The condition inside prison cells, such as congested spaces, limited movement, mixture of cultures, etc. might have a toll upon the mental and physical health of an inmate. Thus, adequate health service must be provided inside the prison so that the health of the prisoner can be adequately managed. The Bureau of Prisons provide four levels of medical care to which inmates are assigned by the Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC) based on the information gathered from the investigation report (Ellis, 2008). Up on arrival at the facility, the provisional care for the inmate is reviewed by the prison clinicians (Ellis, 2008). Non-provisional care is assigned depending on the needs of the inmate, which takes into consideration the ability to function without assistance from another (Ellis, 2008). Provision of medical care to inmates also varies depending sentence or status of the case. Thus, inmates whose sentence has not been read, those with sentence below 12 months, or pre-trial inmates are not eligible to â€Å"medically appropriate-not always necessary† health service, â€Å"limited medical value,† as well as â€Å"extraordinary† service (Ellis, 2008, p. 44). Some categories of illnesses such as cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc. may also

Identify the level of accessibility in three universities websites in Article

Identify the level of accessibility in three universities websites in the UK - Article Example However, if any unfortunate incident happening comes up, the friendliness of the web pages assures the provision of urgent help. Hence, these websites are highly accessible to all kinds of students. The best thing about these websites is that they all have pages with links to the home page or the main content which makes them friendly towards blind people or students with problems related to eye sight. Furthermore, there are headlined links as well as options to increase font sizes on the main page that are a great help. Taking the websites of universities in the UK in terms of risk management, there seems to be a good arrangement for all kinds of students. Keeping the students away from all possible problems, the websites well portray the level of universities that the UK boasts. Legal and Ethical Issues: Application of good ethical standards is what ultimately reflects the institution or business of which a particular website is. In order to depict the best possible image, all inst itutes and businesses tend to have websites designed, as perfectly as possible. No matter how much the world advances towards casual and tends to portray them as new trends, ethical standards and legality has and will always remain above everything else.

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Physician Assisted Suicide Essay According to the opposing viewpoints database Assisted suicide occurs when a physician provides a patient with the means of ending his or her life-usually a prescription for a fatal dose of drugs. The patient takes the drugs independently of the doctor. Assisted Suicide (also known as physician assisted suicide) has been an issue that is becoming hot as scientists are getting the ability to prolong human life and find a new way to cure diseases previously not able to be cured and people have been talking about people dying due to those diseases. Doctors have had to explain the available treatment options and to obtain the patients consent prior to treatment since the early 1900s with the standard of informed consent. This lets the patient make their own choice with the input of their doctor, and not just do whatever the doctor says. The question with assisted suicide is, Should people who want to die be allowed to arrange an easy, no pain death? I believe that with the correct guidelines and laws, allowing someone to take their own life should be allowed and ratified in all states. The opposing argument does have pretty good points, but I believe that the pros of allowing assisted suicide outweigh the cons. First the opposing view saying that assisted suicide shouldnt be legal says that legalizing assisted suicide would make it too easy for others, such as people suffering from treatable depression, to commit suicide. People with treatable depression might take advantage of this, but people with untreatable depression that have no way out and it is unfair to them to not be able to decide what they want. With the legalization of assisted suicide there will be steps in order for a person to qualify for it, such as the ones already  set up by the Netherland which state To qualify for euthanasia under Dutch law, a person must be mentally capable of making the decision, act voluntarily, be ill without hope of recovery, and have a lasting wish to die. Physicians performing euthanasia must consult with at least one other doctor and must write reports on each case. These qualifications will make it much more difficult for people to take advantage of the system of assisted suicide. Another opposing argument is that people who want to live might not get good care if assisted suicide is a cheaper alternative. This would not be the case because the Hippocratic Oath, which according to Medicinenet is a statement of medical ethics tells physicians, first, do no harm. While you might have the few corrupt doctors who will try to do this, the protocol set in place will make it very difficult for doctors to do this. Lastly the opposing view points My first reason of supporting the legalization of assisted suicide is since because people already can refuse treatment even if they know they will die, why are the not allowed to actively seek out a pain free death? Since you can decline to have treatment done on you if you have a life threatening disease and you know youre going to die, I believe it is fair to ask to be killed and put out of your misery. People with untreatable diseases such as Ebola, and cancer that will cause death, and depression that is untreatable should have a way to die without the day to day pain and suffering of living with the incurable diseases. Next assisted suicide should be legal because if someone is going to kill themselves already we should allow a pain free option, as opposed to a suicide like shooting or hanging yourself. People will always want to kill themselves but with the legalization of assisted suicide I think it will actually cut down on the number of suicides. The process of going through and getting cleared to have an assisted suicide might be able to clear a persons head and have them think more about whether they actually want to die or not so they cannot make a rash decision. This will also allow for a suicide that will go much more smoothly than suicides done by now by yourself since the physicians and doctors who know what they are doing are prescribing you a drug that you take to allow you to die. According to the  opposing viewpoints database some physician feel that it is appropriate for them to end the suffering of a patient who is capable of making a rational decision and asks to die. According to a study done by suicide.org from 1950-2003 26 percent of suicides attempted resulted in a failed suicide and just caused injury. This fact is not good and would be nonexistent if assisted suicide was legalized. Lastly assisted suicide should be legal because humans have the right to decide whether they want to live or die. We have the right to bear arms, freedom of speech, and other freedoms. We are our own entity, and I believe that people should have the right to a much more practical death run by someone who knows what they are doing. All human beings should be treated as equal and able they have certain rights. I believe that one of those rights is the right to determine if they want to live or die, and I think that people should have the option to have a professional to help. The debate of assisted suicide is a hot issue and has allowed for some very good debates in the past couple of years. I think the opposing view has some good points, but in my eyes the pros of assisted suicide diffidently outweigh the cons of it. I think assisted suicide should be legalized because since people can refuse treatment even if they are going to die why cant the ask to die, we should allow a pain free option since if they are already contemplating it they might do it so we should allow a way for someone to commit suicide with a professionals help, and lastly because it is a right humans have to determine whether they live or die. Assisted suicide is something that people talk about and a lot of people have opposing views of it, with me being on the side saying it should be legal. Citation page Assistedsuicide.org: Suicide Statistics. _At Suicide.org! , , , , !_ N.p., 12 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. . Oppsingveiwpoints.com: Assisted Suicide. _Opposingviewpoints_. N.p., 15 Feb. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. . Hippocratic Oath: Hippocratic Oath. _MedicineNet_. N.p., 22 Nov. 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2014. .

The Evolution Of Animation

The Evolution Of Animation Ever since the beginning of photography, people learned that pictures taken in quick series, of a moving object, could be flipped through, in succession, to create the illusion of a moving picture. For many years Animation has been used. Animation was done in black and white such as cartoons and movies in the early 1900s. The backgrounds and the cartoon drawings were made simple. Animation technology has come a long way since the early days of hand-drawn cartoons. The tools have changed dramatically. Animation is a graphic representation of drawings to show movement within those drawings. A series of drawings are linked together and usually photographed by a camera. The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession (24 frames per second) there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings. Early animations, which started appearing before 1910, consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. It was extremely labor intensive, as there were literally hundreds of drawings per minute of film. Early animators used an animation technique known as stop action. With the camera stopped, items would be rearranged, removed, or added to the shot then the director would start rolling again. Live action films using this procedure were called Trick Plays. American studios soon turned to flat animation as opposed to dimensional animation, finding it much more efficient for their assembly-line techniques of making animated films. To illustrate the difference between the two, picture Gumby (a dimensional character) as opposed to Tweety Bird, a drawing. The development of celluloid around 1913 quickly made animation easier to manage. Instead of numerous drawings, the animator now could make a complex background and/or foreground and squeeze in moving characters in between several other pieces of celluloid, which is transparent except for where drawings are painted on it. This made it unnecessary to repeatedly draw the background, as it remained static and only the characters moved. It also created an illusion of depth, especially if foreground elements were placed in the frames. The first animated cartoon was created in 1910 by pioneers such as Emile Cohl and Winsor McCay. The animation timeline then starts to progress with several films being produced during the next twenty years; Gertie the Dinosaur, produced by Winsor McCay and distributed to commercial movie theaters in 1914 being a land mark during this period. In the 1920s and 1930s Warners, MGM and Disney studios developed cartoon techniques, producing more and more sophisticated cartoons using traditional animation techniques of producing complex backgrounds and then imposing moving figures on them with celluloid, a transparent film. Walt Disney took animation to a new level adding sound in 1928 and producing the first full length animated film in 1937 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Since the release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Disney in 1937, animated films have become one of the most commonly enjoyed forms of entertainment. Disney has a long history of developing, producing, and distributing films such as Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and The Lion King. The stories and characters of these popular animated feature films have become part of our modern traditions, enjoyed by every generation. Traditionally, these popular animated feature films have been created using the time-consuming and labor-intensive process of two-dimensional, hand-drawn cel animation. Today animation is rarely done on cel (Cel is a sheet of transparent cellulose acetate used as a medium for painting animation frames. It is transparent so that it can be laid over other celluloid and/or a painted background, then photographed.) Cel animation is extremely time consuming and requires incredible organization and concentration to detail. The way of doing animation today is different an d is more effective and it majorly depends on the new advanced computer technology. Remarkable animated films wouldnt have been possible without the new advances in computer technology. On the other hand even the computer technology itself is not new. Films like Toy Story, Madagascar, Finding Nemo, Up etc are the magnificent pieces of work done by Disney and they wouldnt have been possible without the computer technology. In the past the animators used to work very hard just to make a small video, but now its all computerized and one can easily see the evolution of animation that how significantly it has improved and made a special place for itself in the industry. According to Buffy Naillon, Computer animation changed the animated film industry. Animation today is based more on math formulas than the ability to draw According to Library.ThinkQuest.org, computer animation began about 40 years ago by General Motors. The company created a design system called DAC (Design Augmented by Computers). With it, they could look at 3D models of their cars from every angle. Consistent with PIXAR where films go through four stages: development, creating storyline; pre-production, addressing technical challenges; production, making the film; and post-production, polishing the final product. Today animation is done in a very effective manner, its a complete process with various steps which includes the idea of the film development, then to create a story line in which pre-production is done and dealing with all the technical challenges are also done in this step, later comes the production and the making of the film and then with the final touches the polishing is done. Today we have 3 dimensional animated films, which give the impression of being more realistic. Everyone today is fond of animated films. When that sledgehammer comes down on Sylvester the Cats big toe and it grows to the size of a watermelon theres no trick photography involved. The stories are very beautiful yet simple. And the most important the quality of the animated films today is way different then what we had in past. Animated films today when played in rapid succession appear to have seamless movements within the layouts. Seeing the old methods of animation and the methods used today really shows how the animating process has evolved and how it is getting better and better. The animation timeline carry on in the new millennium with movies like How to train your Dragon, Toy Story 3, Shrek The Final Chapter, and many more to follow.

The Problem of Plagiarism Essay -- Ethics

Problem As American education enters a time when the ability to use technology becomes imperative, a time when students will become expected to communicate and work via the Internet, and a time when students will need to be able to find and interpret information efficiently and correctly, secondary school teachers are searching for ways to provide their students with assessments that mirror the expectations those students will face in the workforce. One way to do this is to have students research topics and create position papers, presentations, and various other forms of written expression that require students to synthesize and analyze information. However, in the midst of researching topics and sharing ideas, these same students are faced with the temptation to simply copy and paste information as they find it. Instances of plagiarism are on the rise, yet teachers are in a position where they cannot discontinue this type of assessment. Therefore, teachers face the question: How can we sto p the rise of plagiarism among students? Input Since teachers have given assessments of any kind, students have attempted to find ways to cheat. Whether they were looking at another student’s paper, attempting to gain answers prior to the test, or directly copying another student’s work, these students were trying to gain a favorable grade without performing to the required standard. Today’s digital age has not only added more opportunity for students to copy the work of another, but it has also added an air of ambiguity to what is and is not cheating, or plagiarism. Some of this stems from, as Taylor (2003) states, â€Å"different mores and values than in the past [that] all contribute to cheating;† therefore, â€Å"working to understand underlyin... ...arch 11). New honor codes for a new generation. Inside higerhed. Retrieved June 25, 2009, from http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2005/03/11/pavela1. McKeever, L. (2006, April 1). Online plagiarism detection services – saviour or scourge?. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(2), 155-165. Retrieved June 25, 2009, from ERIC database. Slobogin, K. (2002, April 5). Survey: Many students say cheating’s ok. Retrieved June 12, 2009, from http://archives.cnn.com/2002/fyi/teachers.ednews/04/05/highschool.cheating/. Taylor, K.R. (2003, November). Bracing for cheating and plagiarism. The Education Digest, 69(3), 54-59. Retrieved June 25, 2009, from ProQuest Education Journals database. Villano, M. (2006, October). Taking the work out of homework. T.H.E. Journal, 33(15), 24- 26,28,30. Retrieved June 25, 2009, from ProQuest Education Journals database.

Separation of Church and State Essay -- Government

Introduction Separation of Church and state has been a topic seen by the Supreme Court over the past 150+ years. Our countries religious freedoms and how it’s interpreted have been debated by both sides with reasonable argument. The framers of our federal government had laid down a series of guidelines for a free and prosperous society. One of the most controversial clauses in the First Amendment of our Constitution where it states that no law will endorse a religion or prohibit the rights of the people to exercise their religious rights has been part of a national debate since the First Congress was in session. Can you blatantly ignore a religion and make sure they don’t get any government funding for their schools because of their religious status? Is it constitutional to ignore drug laws because it is a person’s religious belief to use them in their practice? In this essay I will show through the Framer’s papers, early political debates and various Supreme Court cases to show why establishment clause and free exercise clause were put into the Constitution in order to â€Å"building a wall of eternal separation between Church & State.† Historical Context To understand what the Framer’s of the Constitution thought was an appropriate relationship between a government and a religious institution, we first should look at their own writings and speeches to understand what their belief on this issue had been. It is true that like most issues brought to the table at the Constitutional Convention, the issue of the religion in government had been a thoroughly argued topic among the Framers. There is no doubt that the battle to structure the separation issue ended when the Constitutional Convention shut its doors. ... ...eacon Press, 1951. McConnell, Michael M. "The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion."Harvard Law Review. 103.7 (1990): 1409-1517. Powell, Jefferson H. â€Å"The Original Understanding of Original Intent.† Harvard Law Review Vol. 98, No. 5 (Mar., 1985), pp. 885-948. Cambridge: The Harvard Law Review Association. Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878) 98 U.S. 145 Rossiter, Clinton. 1787: The Grand Convention. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan, 1966. Print. Seixas, Moses, and George Washington. "To Bigotry No Sanction." American Treasures of the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 27 Jul 2010. Web. 14 Feb 2012. . Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963) Sofaer, Abraham D. "The Presidency, War, and Foreign Affairs: Practice under the Framer." Law and Contemporary Problems. 40.2 (1976): 12-36.

Effects of Music on Teenagers Essay

Every teenager who listens to music interprets the lyrics in a different way. Some people take out a deeper meaning from the lyrics, even going to the point of saying that music â€Å"saves their lives†. Music holds a powerful effect on an individual because it can stimulate and provoke multiple responses—physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. But, every genre of music gives its own message to teenagers. Some may enforce positive actions, while some condone negative actions. Rap has the negative status of objectifying women and promoting gang violence. On the other hand, rock has a positive reputation because it helps people cope with their problems and identify with their peers. Everyone, teenagers included, is susceptible to internalizing the messages they hear over and over again. The degree of those messages determines the effect on the teenager. Every genre of music effects teenagers in a different ways. In some genres, like rock, the positive effects outrun the negative, and in some genres, like rap, the exact opposite happens. Structurally, the rock and rap genres has noticeable differences between them. Generally, the sound of rock music rotates around guitars, bass, drums, and the keyboard. There is a large tendency to focus on instruments, especially the guitar, which requires considerable skill to play. For example, the rock band Fall Out Boy consists of four members who each play their own instrument while one member does vocals and plays an instrument. Alternatively, rap’s main focus is free styling and looping words to create a â€Å"story† in a flowing rhyme, keeping it in sync with the beat. In most cases, like the rapper Machine Gun Kelly, the artist preforms by themselves with the assistance with a DJ or MC to play the musical tracks for the songs. Rap displays a larger emphasis on lyrics, while ro ck likes to have a variety of sounds. In the rock genre, it’s all about expression. Rock music can speak about all kinds of topics, from love to some not so pleasant. Many rock musicians sing about real issues that teens are going through, which helps teens find motivation. Adolescents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with older people, most of the time because of ideological differences. This often makes teens with problems shy away from seeking help and guidance. Teens find hope and encouragement when they listen to music that talks about problems they are going through. The identification they are experiencing with the rock song  lyrics can also help teens to become more tolerant and open-minded. A study published for the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition reported that mood regulation is one of the most important reasons why people listen to their favorite music (McCammon). Rock music can help mood regulation in teenagers, especially females who are prone to mood swings and depression. For example, the song Eye of the Tige r by Survivor can cause teens to associate with the underdog. The song provides a positive message, while keeping an uplifting tone throughout the whole song. The music provides depressed teens with a mode to forget their problems and participate in healthy activities, such as dancing. While rock has been given a positive reputation for allowing teenagers to express themselves, some have given it a poor reputation because it can intensify emotions. While those people who are naturally happy and cheerful are less likely to have effects from the negative lyrics, other, less fortunate teens might not be the same. Adolescents who are susceptible to negative, violent, or depressive thoughts are more likely to have those feelings, and act on them, after listening to rock music. At the same time, if a person is not experiencing those negative thoughts, the music can act as a catalyst, causing the teen to have these thoughts and urges. The rap genre is often given a negative reputation for the way it effects teenagers. Critics of the genre say that the music objectifies women and promotes drug use. For example, the song 9 Problems by Jay-Z, repeat edly refers to a woman as a â€Å"bitch.† This song allowed women to be categorized under the vulgar name â€Å"bitch†, because of the high reception the song received in the media (The Portrayal of Women Within Popular Music). A recent study by WebMD reports that teenagers who listen to rap music are more likely to have babies and engage in risky sexual behavior (Kirchheimer). Apparently, this behavior is because the lyrics in many rap songs promote the idea of women as nothing more than sexual objects. Correspondingly, it was shown that youth who listened to rap songs were more likely to get involved with drugs. This is because in some songs, the artists refer to drugs that the person has not heard of, which sparks their curiosity to learn and most likely try the new drugs. The rap genre can also give teenagers a false sense of belonging. When they hear about, or see in the videos, expensive possessions, they feel that if they spend their money to buy that stuff, they can be just like the  people in the videos. The media then uses this to their advantage to market products to the younger, naà ¯ve generations. Even though rap is seen as a vulgar music genre by a large population, it can be positive for teenagers. It makes a person feel good about who they are because even if they may not live a good life, they can relate to the lyrics in a particular song. This is different than the false sense of belonging because instead of the individual trying to fit in, they are finding the place where they fit in, while not changing themselves. Rap lyrics also help youth feel free and powerful. They are free to express what they want to express. Listeners of the music have even gone to the extent of calling the rap genre â€Å"a religion for troubled youth† because it provides them with an outlet to express themselves and something to believe in. It is evident that rock and rap are very different genres that expose different messages to teenagers. But, no matter the genre of music, studies have shown that the use of music videos show an increased open-mindedness to deviant behavior among teenagers. The music videos reinforce what is being heard in the lyrics with the use of visuals. They usually exhibit sexual innuendo, acts of aggression, and gender stereotypes. Research has shown that, after watching videos, men said it was necessary to pursue the women to an inappropriate extent, while women thought it was annoying and/or disturbing. Men scored higher in relations to attitudes for sexual overtones, while women scored higher on the acceptance of interpersonal violence. The results of the study also showed that women who were often subjected to violent music videos were more accepting of violence. Also, men had a greater acceptance of sexual stereotyping and rape myths after watching the videos (The Effects of Violent Music Content On Teens). Over time, people have stereotyped genres of music. Sometimes the music is seen as positive and uplifting. But other times it is seen as negative and downgrading. In the end, the way that music effects teenagers all depends on how the tee n acts and interprets the music. Depending on their emotional and mental status, they can have different reactions to the music than someone who has different feelings than them.

Prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law Essay

My aim of this experiment is to prove or conversely disprove the inverse square law, which simply states that the intensity of any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will decrease in intensity inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Background information Research As first proposed by Isaac Newton when proposing his universal law of gravitation it became clear to him that the intensity of gravity would decrease according to the inverse of the square of the distance. This is the heart of the inverse square, which states for any point source, which spreads its influence equally in all directions without a limit to its range, will obey the inverse square law. Quite simply the inverse square law states that for sources emitted from a point the intensity will be deduced as the inverse of the square of the distance. You double the distance you reduce the intensity by a factor of 1/4. This has applications in electric fields, light, sound, gamma radiation, and gravity. All of these are expressed in the medium of a field. To explain the properties involved in a field it is useful to use the idea of flux. When water flows form a ‘source’ to a sink it is transferred at a certain rate, or flux. The flux density will be the mass of water per second crossing a unit area perpendicular to the flow. We can think of energy density in a similar way. Energy flux density is normally referred to as intensity. Field strength and energy flux density are related. The strength of a field will fall off proportionally. The idea of flux can be applied to fields in which there is no obvious evidence for anything actually being transferred, such as static electrical fields, gravitational fields and magnetic fields. The mathematics that model flux are the same whatever the field. Generally this can be summed up in a formula which states the intensity at a point on a sphere of influence will be deduced by the source strength divided by 4 times pi times the radius squared, where this is the surface area over which the initial source has spread it’s influence. I = S / 4? r2 This formula manifests itself in a variety of ways when put into context. When applied to gravity the formula to show the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a body is, 4? GM = Intensity at the surface of sphere of influence. Where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the object, and r the distance from the centre point. By cancelling out the 4? section we are left with the more elegant formula, GM = acceleration due to gravity r2 Where acceleration due to gravity would be equivalent to the intensity of the source. As the distance is doubled, the intensity is reduced by a factor of 4. So theoretically gravity obeys the inverse square law. When applied to sound we get the formula, P = I 4? r2 Where P is the source power, I the intensity at surface of sphere, and r the distance from the source power. So again we see that as we double the distance we reduce the intensity by a factor of 4. The differce here that as sound is not of ethereal nature it is affected by its surroundings and only works without reflections, or reverberations. The behaviour of point charges in an electrostatic field will obey coulombs law, which in turn obeys the inverse square law. The formula here is, Q = E 4 0 r2 Where Q/? 0 is the source strength, E is the strength of the electrostatic field, and r is the distance. So again we see that as the distance is doubled, the intensity of the field is reduced by a factor of four.

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Example for Free (#3)

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Most important amongst the ever-recurring and constant troubles in the field of police administration is that concerned with creating and sustaining a successful method of communication. Communication is the most important medium for concerning agreement between all the personnel of a department as to the police goals. It is the foundation for a regular and ongoing understanding of problems and accomplishments practiced on a continuing basis to reach their final objectives. The process of successful communications in a department starts with the leadership establishing clear guidelines how its personnel should interact with each other, whether it is by memo, emails, forms, daily briefings or training. Leadership in any organization must identify and mandate the objectives of the organization. Pfiffner (1951) stated â€Å"In all management situations, communication consists of organizational relationships and mechanics on the one hand, and the human factor on the other, in actuality both existing together. † Communication is the method of transmitting cues, mostly written and oral, in order to adjust human behavior. The communication process works in three steps, initiate, transmit, and impact. In a police department, initiate and transmit could be where the desk sergeant, issues the daily tasking that he receives from his leadership to his patrol officers beginning a shift. Impact takes place when the officers going out on patrol implement the tasking given and could be discussing the tasking amongst each other as well to gain feedback. Hearing is a passive occurrence that requires no effort. Listening, on the other hand, is a conscious choice that demands your attention and concentration† (Livestrong, 2001). The differences between hearing and listening is that when someone is speaking and you are hearing when you just hear the words coming out, not really paying attention to all of what is said. When listening, you are collecting thought on what is being said, but if you think you already know what the person is talking about, a person could just disregard the words that were just passed. There are generally four basic levels of hearing and listening, according to Toast Masters. org. You can easily fall into one or these more categories in different conversations. A non-listener is totally preoccupied with his personal thoughts and though he hears words, he doesn’t listen to what is being said. Passive listeners hear the words but don’t fully absorb or understand them. Listeners pay attention to the speaker, but grasp only some of the intended message. Active listeners are completely focused on the speaker and understand the meaning of the words without distortion† (Livestrong, 2011). Communications are vital in law enforcement. Police personnel have to comprehend the importance of tone of voice, pitch, and variation, the variances of hearing and listening. Facial expressions, body movements and posture are also significant for effective communications. Cultural and ethnic dynamics are essential factors of a police officer’s communication skills. The formal and informal channels of communication in criminal justice organizations are two distinct processes. Formal relations, occupation explanations, duties and processes are found in formal communication channels. These channels match the formal chains of command, and accountability recognized in organizational charts, standard operating procedures, and policy manuals. For many police departments and organizations, formal communication channels are the primary standard and rarely differentiate. Informal channels are considered a â€Å"grapevine or rumor mill† type construct. Police officers discussing an incident in the locker room can be considered informal, and if the district attorney and a defense lawyer are chatting about a case at lunch or a washroom are prime examples for informal channels of communications. In an informal channel of communication, the original words that were spoken could be altered, invalid, and misconstrued so much in a department, that the information can provide inefficiency in any organization. â€Å"Barriers to communication often arise when one party is concerned about personal or professional status. The four basic categories, or types, of obstacles to effective communication are as follows: (1) emotional barriers, (2) physical barriers, (3) semantic barriers, and (4) ineffective listening. Each of these barriers can cause either the sender or the receiver to fail to communicate effectively† (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). Emotional barriers can exist in the receiver or the sender. Individuals base their translating of information on respective occurrences and beliefs. If a person believes they will be not taken seriously or made fun of when making a idea, then they will not participate in discussions or send their message. When a police officer has a case of low esteem, it could affect their duties on the street, believing that they might not be able to make a difference, stop certain criminals, and that barrier can cost the lives of innocent people or even peers. Physical barriers are the properties of an atmosphere that can cause communications to be challenging. Examples of physical barriers include equipment that does not work properly, having one officer on patrol instead of a team of two officers patrolling together in a bad neighborhood. Semantic barriers can cause differences between individuals, when one person might say one thing, and another forms an entirely different conclusion to that was said. This form of barrier can exist in a department where communication is very poor from the leadership down to the most junior personnel. Ineffective listening will occur if law enforcement personnel fail to pay attention to what others are communicating. The subject of discussion might bore or be irrelevant to certain persons, or just be to complicate to comprehend, and that transmission will be useless. Effective communication is fundamental in any chain of command. Leadership must be able to communicate its orders and direction to subordinates in a clear, concise manner, and with a positive message, so subordinate’s can perform to the best of their ability and listen to the message that is spoken, instead of just hearing what they want to hear. For an organization to communicate effectively, a person must be able to overcome the barriers that exist, and change one’s thoughts or feelings with another coworker. Taking personal responsibility ensures their workplace operates smoothly, and can rid the barriers that may plaque the organization. Barriers to Effective Communication. (2017, Feb 03).

Discuss the two major approaches to stress management. Identify and Essay

Discuss the two major approaches to stress management. Identify and describe one example of each strategy - Essay Example This approach is not encouraged since it creates a vicious cycle of stress, which leads to usage of more medication and ultimately more psychological deterioration. The non-medical approach takes care of three components, the body, the spirit, and the mind. It is a holistic approach and ensures that all aspects of the stressed individual are treated starting from identifying the source of stress, the extent, or severity of stress and ultimately taking charge or control of the problem. The various techniques used include psychotherapy where an individual undergoes sessions of counseling in order to restore positivity encouragement and hope during tough times. Other natural alternatives include aromatherapy, homeopathy, massaging, and reflexology. In addition, positive self-talk, making time for fun for the stressed individuals, relaxation, exercise, and healthy feeding habits are other alternatives. Worth noting, different people respond differently to stress and there is no classical or single method for all. People are therefore encouraged to experiment the different available strategies of stress

Bard, M. G. The complete idiot's guide to Middle East conflict Annotated Bibliography

Bard, M. G. The complete idiot's guide to Middle East conflict - Annotated Bibliography Example Bennett, A. G. (2009). The Big Book of Marketing: Lessons and Practices from the World's Greatest Companies. New York City: The McGraw Hill Companies. This book was taken into account because it gave an in-depth detail about the strategies of both Pepsi and Coca-Cola in Cyber war, and how both companies attracted internet users through its marketing approach. Although much is not written about the competition in internet, but at least Pepsi and Coke are competing for marketing slots on the internet. This book is about the internet marketing strategies and rivalry between different well established brands such as Google and Yahoo, HP and Apple etc. The book gives an early history of the initiation of cyber war between Coca Cola and Pepsi; where Coca Cola introduced â€Å"Coke Rewards† as result of Pepsi introduction of â€Å"Pepsi Stuff†. This book is extremely credible because of its neutral approach to cyber marketing with respect to different rival countries. Solis, B., & Kutcher, A. (2010). Engage!: The Complete Guide for Brands and Businesses to Build, Cultivate, and Measure Success in the Web. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. This Book was written by well known author of internet marketing Brian Solis and well known actor Ashton Kutcher. It gave an in-depth detail about internet marketing ventures of Coca-Cola and analyzes its success in that aspect.

Early Development and Statehood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Early Development and Statehood - Research Paper Example The region was also had resources such as fur that were good for trade (Tennessee 359). The political development in Tennessee offered a clear reflection of the experience of political development in the thirteen British colonies. The region was characterized by political upheavals and separations calls. As a result, there was no common political voice of the inhabitants. Moreover, the government of the day was also in disarray and sometimes offered support to some of the colonial masters. As a result, the region was divided based on semi-autonomous government common among thirteen British colonies (Tennessee 360-366). Various conditions in Tennessee prompted its application for statehood in 1795-1796. One of such conditions was the Tennesseans inability to gain political voice in the region (366). As a result, they felt that there would be increased political participation by gaining of statehood. The inhabitants also lacked the kind of protection that was evident from organized form of government. The protection was also once Northern Carolina disowned the six settlements making them vulnerable (Tennessee 366). Moreover, the government under the Article of Confederation was also perceived as weak and hence unable to guarantee security and well-being of the people. The inhabitants also had an established form of self-government and felt that they could now be able to take political matters in their hands. Moreover, there was decreased frontier warfare. The decreased rivalry made it possible for a leader to translate the region into a new state that had structured regime and constitution (Tennesse e 368). The factors made it possible for the application of admission by the congress. In conclusion, it is clear that Tennessee went through a rigorous process before admission into statehood. The process was characterized by

Decision to Prosecute Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Decision to Prosecute - Essay Example This paper declares that in Hong Kong, in safeguarding the fundamental freedoms, the decision to prosecute plays a crucial role. If a decision is made for prosecuting an individual, the resources and the powers of the government are triggered off against the individual who has been charged with an offence. When contrasted with these accessible to the ordinary citizen, the resources can be formidable. Thus, the government attorney when he is contemplating to level allegations against an accused which has been vested in him by the authority can impact an ordinary citizen’s life significantly, and in case of that citizen, if levelled with charge, the court may interfere, and he may be finally freed by the court. This discussion explores that the police make an analysis and make a statement of the available proof and make a recommendation to the government attorney the offences if any committed by an accused. Based on the following two standards, the government formulates its verdict to book the accused namely if alleged, if there exists a rational chance of punishment and the government attorney has to find out whether it is in the public interest to prosecute a person or not. Thus, there should be enough proof to establish all the components of specific charge of criminal nature afar from realistic suspicion. In general, the courts in Hong Kong in criminal cases will look more into the proof gathered and decide whether the charge is established or not.2. As regards to the decision not to prosecute, it is alleged that Department of Justice is arrogating the role played by the court in making a decision not to prosecute. Under Hong Kong common law setup, there exists well described and separa te task earmarked to the court and the prosecuting authority. These functions are part and parcel of the constitutional setup for making sure that there exists a division of authorities in respect of prosecutions. In respect of an alleged offence, it is the prosecuting authority which makes a decision whether a person should or should not be prosecuted as regards to an alleged offence. However, some critics argue that it is the responsibility of the prosecution to initiate the court proceedings against indicted and the court

Competeing internationally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competeing internationally - Essay Example On the other hand, the global strategy is also applied by the company. The approach entails a centralized decision-making process, the sale of standardized products and the differentiation of products. The centralization of value chain areas in the strategy helps the company to enjoy economies of scale as only a few value chain areas are used by the enterprise. Moreover, the method entails the development of reliable logistics to ensure that the supply chain meets the needs of the consumers before the competitors can get to them. The multi-domestic strategy is another approach that is rapidly used by the company (Hill & Jones, 2014). The approach entails the decentralization of decision-making in the particular country of operation once the products have been supplied. The decentralization enables the company to respond to issues that the clients may raise about the product. It is such responses and interaction with the customers that has allowed Apple to gain an edge over its compet itors by building a strong customer base in sales and delivery and customer service (Halikias & Salavou, 2014). The most suitable method among the ones chosen by the company is the multi-domestic strategy. The strategy enables the company to handle the issues that come from the specific market of location and thus is better off compared to any of the other strategies. Also, the strategy helps the company to be in constant contact with the target market; hence it is easy to respond to issues that may arise. It is also possible to modify the products to meet the needs of the specific target market depending on their needs (Halikias & Salavou,

University and Sharpie Essay Example for Free

University and Sharpie Essay Sharpie, the company that produces a line of high quality markers that comes in a wide variety of colors. College or university students use them because of their bright and vibrant colors. To further spread the word out for their amazing product, a campaign is devised. Thus, we came out with â€Å"Let the colors speak†. This campaign focuses on the variety of colors they provide, and how important it is without them. It is collaboration between†¦ This campaign will first begin promoting via social media, where most of Sharpie’s main target audience spends time on. Here they†¦ Objective: To help Sharpie increase its brand awareness, further improve its product engagement leading to an increase in sales. Solution: To show how limited one could express with the absence of color. We express them in contrast to the extreme: A blindfolded person with Sharpie colored markers will draw a monster that they think, is able to escape the box. Thus, we present to you, Let Your Imaginations Run Wild. Colleges and universities will be contacted to host the major event. They will compete against each other via social media, and the winner will have the drawn monster sculpted into form as a prize for the college. The shortlisted individuals will also receive a trophy of their own monster. Expected Results: An expected increased traffic to Sharpie’s Facebook page for the first few launching hours. College students will be notified and a spread of voice is expected to happen in the next few days. A healthy competition in the name of imagination is expected to occur among different colleges. Ultimately, we expect to meet the objectives: increased brand awareness among target audience, product engagement is done during the interactions and also an increase in sales.