Ancient Egypt: Old, Middle, And New Kingdom :: History Egypt Essays

Outline I. Thesis: Ancient Egyptians were the basis for many western traditions. Their influences are notable in art, architecture, and religion. II. The Old Kingdom A. Zoser, the first pharaoh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. built the famed Step Pyramid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. brought unity to Egypt B. Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. creation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. gods C. Art D. Downfall of the Old Kingdom III. The Middle Kingdom A. Pyramids B. Middle Kingdom religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Myth of Osiris   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Similarties between the myth of Osiris and Christian beliefs C. Middle Kingdom art D. Downfall of the Middle Kingdom IV. The New Kingdom A. Valley of the Kings B. Shift in religion 1. Aton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. Akhenaton C. New art form, naturalistic D. Downfall of the New Kingdom V. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ancient Egyptians are considered among many to be the civilization upon which much of the western world's views and attitudes are based. Everything from religion, to architecture, to art has been handed down, generation by generation, to us in the present day. Although many of the ancient Egyptians' traditions have been modified or altered, the majority of their core principles remains constant. Yet, despite the ancient Egyptians' conservative nature, there were some changes within the infrastructure of their society. Throughout the ages known as the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom, there has been alterations to their religion, art, and architecture. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, have molded ancient Egyptian civilization. This paper will attempt to determine these forces which changed the Egyptians. Modifications of Egyptian life were subtle, but noticeable and significant nonetheless. Art, architecture, and religion will be the focus of this paper. Let us begin at the beginning, with the Old Kingdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Old Kingdom began in the year 2700 B.C. and ended 2200 B.C. The pharaohs, or kings, of this time include the third through the sixth dynasty, beginning with Djoser and ending with Pepi II. Djoser, who ruled from 2700 B.C. to 2650 B.C., changed his name to the more commonly known Zoser. It was Zoser who made the famed Step Pyramid, the first pyramid to be constructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pyramids were erected for the pharaoh in the belief that it would serve as a stairway to the heavens, and allow the divine pharaoh to reach the Milky Way, or the Nile river in the sky. The pharaoh's afterlife was extremely dependent on a proper burial, as were the afterlives of those who served him; therefore, it was imperative that the pyramids be erected. These pyramids could not have been built through coercion or slavery, for such an architectural feat could only have been accomplished by a labor force of 70,000, and there is no possible way for a small group of rulers to force the people to labor day in and

Discrimination of Against Women

This refers to any form of exclusion, restriction, or distinction that is made on the grounds of sex and that has the purpose or effect of nullifying or weakening the exercise, enjoyment or recognition of women regardless of their human rights, equality, freedom and marital status. Women today unfortunately are still a group that is discriminated against, stereotyped and even prejudiced by the society in general and at the workplace in particular.The concept of discrimination against womenHandhelds of thousands of women around the world have been living under circumstances of utter deprivation, and constant violation of their basic human rights and the reason is only because they are women. Women around the world are battered, raped, traded, and also trafficked to become workers in compelled prostitution. The ability of women to join and remain in employment is barred by employers who exclude them from employment just because of being women.The employment law is also discriminatory i n some places all to the disadvantage of women. In some countries like Saudi Arabia, the government goes to the extreme by legalizing discrimination that makes women unequal to men in the eyes of the law. In the family, young girls and women normally have their rights taken away and have them placed under the mercies of the family members who are male. Women are also prohibited and restricted from participating in public affairs, Thomson, C. and Rampton, L. (2003).Discrimination against women is systematic, relentless and widely accommodated and even openly condoned. These issues are a global epidemic in spite of the progress made in the international movements on women’s basic human rights. The movements have been creating awareness on women’s discrimination and also challenging the violation of women’s rights.In the world that we are living in today, women have no control over their bodies. Millions of girls and women are forced in to marriage and sexual relat ions with men whom they have no desire for, Sparrow, P. and Hilltop, J. (1994). The government has not been strongly supporting women in the fight against discrimination. Women have faced grave consequences like physical violence and the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS in women has been on the higher side.Women face violence even in jail and in hospitals, the poor women are subjected to mandatory family planning. The access to reproductive health and care of women is subject to discussion by the husband and on his absence, the male family members take over. In situations where there is poverty, women are accorded the least in   accessing health, training, food, and employment opportunities among others needs. Discriminating against women is violation of the principle of equality of rights and value of human dignity.  This is a barrier to women’s participation on equal grounds with their counterparts in the economic, social, cultural and political arenas of their respective c ountries. This consequently interferes with the growth, development and prosperity of the family unit and the society. In addition, the discrimination against women makes it difficult for the complete development of women’s potential in being of service to humanity and the society.  Forms of discrimination against womenDiscriminatory employment lawsSome of the employment laws that are put in place out rightly discriminate against women. At some work places, women serve in the lowly paid positions as secretaries, cleaners are even receptionists. This is not due to lack of competence but due to discrimination. The top and powerful positions are then reserved for their male colleagues.Some of the laws reduce the opportunities for women to join certain jobs. For instance, some employment contracts dictate that a woman can only get pregnant once in five or so years. This bars women from such forms of employment. Employment law discriminates against women where some times women w ho hold similar positions with men are paid lesser amounts so that they appear lower even if they hold the same position with the men, Sparrow, P. and Hilltop, J. (1994).InequalityThere is lack of equal opportunities for both men and women where women are put on the receiving end. The women are denied opportunities which are then taken by men. Women come second to men and are treated as lesser beings. This is realized in the roles and positions that women are given at the work places, in the family, community and the country in general.Women receive lesser recognition in the society and are even given lesser education opportunities compared to men. Women are normally forced to early marriages and do not get the opportunities to get a good education. They consequently are not able to compete with men in the job market. Culturally, women are highly discriminated by the norms and traditions of the society. For instance, in some societies women are told whom to marry, and when and they are not consulted. They end up marrying people they do not love.Domestic ViolenceWomen are physically assaulted and brutally beaten in their own homes by their husbands for domestic reasons. The society has for a long time considered it as a way of disciplining women for any mistakes. Some of them are even beaten up for no apparent reasons, but their husbands subject them to domestic violence since they are the heads of their homes. Such violent treatment against women is dehumanizing not to mention risky since some women end up dying under such circumstances.DeprivationWomen are deprived off their basic human rights at the places of work, in the society and even by their families. For instance, women do not have control over their lives; they are controlled by their husbands or senior male family members. Women are not allowed to participate in public affairs a factor that violates their freedom of association. Marchington, M.   & Adrian, W. (2005).Sexual assaultWomen have been b rutally raped and violated at work places. Most of the women have their employers demanding for sexual favors, a factor that has seen many women lose their jobs for failing to conform. At work places, the promotion of women to higher positions depends on their cooperation with the employers in sexual relations. At the family level, women are raped by their own husbands and other male members of the family. The women are also victims of rape in jails, and in the communities where they live and especially in the warring countries.TraffickingWomen world over are trafficked to various countries where they become slaves and subjected to forced laboring the foreign lands, women are under paid or not paid at all, they are treated like lesser beings. Some of these women are forced to be commercial sex workers and this lowers their dignity.Probable Solutions to the discrimination against womenEquity at the work placesThis is the best way to bring an end to the persistence poverty that makes women vulnerable to discrimination. Women in this regard should be given equal pay at the place of work for equal positions held with the men. This would translate to an elevated economic position of the households that are headed by women. There should be equal employment opportunities for both men and women and the employment law should not favor men.Rather it should accommodate women with their feminine natural processes like pregnancy and child birth. Some employers often fire women employees when they leave for their maternity leave. Other employers especially in the private sector limit the number of times that a woman can get pregnant while working in that organization. The promotions at work places should be done on merit and based on competence and performance and not on the sex of the individual, Maundy, L. (2001).Socialization processThe cultural process of men and women socialization is to blame for much of the discrimination we have today. There should be a change in th e way the society is socialized. Much of the violence and discrimination today results from the fact that men from their young ages are treated as better and more senior as well as important to women. This is attitude is carried to the places of work and in all other political, economic and social aspects. The women on the other hand have been socialized into being senior to men and have accepted the discrimination as a normal way of life. A change is desirable in the socialization process and this may bring an end to discrimination against women, Hoyer, S. (2001).Government initiativeThere should be pressure on the government to implement and enforce the policy on discrimination that is already in place. The government and relevant authorities should also include the principle of equality in the legal system as well as eradicate all the laws that are discriminatory. In addition, appropriate laws should be adopted to proscribe the discrimination against women.There should be equalit y in access of opportunities in education, employment, economic, social, public and political arenas. The government should protect women from discrimination by affirming the human rights. In addition, strict measures should be taken on issues to do with domestic violence, sexual assault, trafficking and other forms of exploitation and discrimination against women.ConclusionDiscrimination against women is one way of violating the women’s human rights. Women have been marginalized and dehumanized and deprived off their dignity. International movements have been fighting for the liberalization of women and campaigning to bring to an end any form of discrimination against women. Women’s lives have to be made important at all the places all the time. This can only happen if discrimination against the women of the world is brought to an end.

The Next Generation of Storytelling Essay - 1951 Words

Storytelling has been mankind’s most broad and universal occupation since its conception and has come a long way, developing new techniques and expanding in multiple domains. It can be considered an ancient form of art because it is crucial for human expression. Every culture has made a contribution to the narration of stories in various fields, such as, entertainment, literature, education, the media and so forth, with the purpose of conveying an important message, or purely to entertain. One entertainment medium which has been disregarded over the course of the years is the video games industry. Over the last few years, this industry has developed into one of the most complex branches in entertainment and has gained a great number of†¦show more content†¦A famous game that followed a clear and simple pattern was Mario, where the player was given the task of searching for the princess in successively empty castles. Another example of an early game is Space Invaders, where the goal of the game was to destroy multiple rows of pixelated aliens. Because storytelling techniques were primitive in the early years, the player was not rewarded with cutscenes that drove the plot forward; instead he got points that were accumulated a total score. However, with the passing of time, technology and the gaming audience evolved and matured, creating new opportunities for the medium to expand its horizons and develop new storytelling techniques. Following the significant evolutions in technology, video games have adopted these advancements and continued to become more elaborate, especially with the use of motion capture, which allows technicians to capture and record the live performance of actors that are applied to the 3D models of the virtual character. This is only one element that makes the products of this medium so appealing and immersive for the player. These technological advancements have given to the developers of video games the opportunity to const ruct stories and characters which are more believable and complex, bringing about a narrative revolution. In recent years, video games have boasted captivating and thoughtful stories, allowing theShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis : Rabbit Proof Fence1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe emotion that these children experienced. They made me feel like I was part of this journey by keeping me on the edge of my seat every time the tracker got near. Native children were forcibly removed from their families which affects today s generation because they suffer from their destruction of identity, family life and culture. I recommend for all viewers to watch this life-changing film to understand the miseries that white settlers caused to these Aboriginals people. 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